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The attention mechanism is the computational core of modern Transformer architectures, but its quadratic complexity in the input sequence length is the bottleneck for large-scale inference. This has motivated a rapidly growing body of work…

A key advantage of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) over Transformers is their linear computational and space complexity enables faster training and inference for long sequences. However, RNNs are fundamentally unable to randomly access…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Xiang Hu , Jiaqi Leng , Jun Zhao , Kewei Tu , Wei Wu

Transformers have the representational capacity to simulate Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) algorithms, but they suffer from quadratic time complexity, which severely limits their scalability. We introduce an efficient attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-12 Jingwen Liu , Hantao Yu , Clayton Sanford , Alexandr Andoni , Daniel Hsu

Attention mechanisms underpin modern deep learning, while the quadratic time and space complexity limit scalability for long sequences. To address this, Quantum Annealing Multi-Head Attention (QAMA) is proposed, a novel drop-in operator…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-14 Peng Du , Jinjing Shi , Wenxuan Wang , Yin Ma , Kai Wen , Xuelong Li

Recent trends in neural network based text-to-speech/speech synthesis pipelines have employed recurrent Seq2seq architectures that can synthesize realistic sounding speech directly from text characters. These systems however have complex…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-03-19 Gary Wang

The Transformer architecture is widely deployed in many popular and impactful Large Language Models. At its core is the attention mechanism for calculating correlations between pairs of tokens. Performing an attention computation takes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Josh Alman , Hantao Yu

Spiking Transformers, which integrate Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) with Transformer architectures, have attracted significant attention due to their potential for energy efficiency and high performance. However, existing models in this…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Chenlin Zhou , Han Zhang , Zhaokun Zhou , Liutao Yu , Liwei Huang , Xiaopeng Fan , Li Yuan , Zhengyu Ma , Huihui Zhou , Yonghong Tian

Sequence-to-sequence models with soft attention have been successfully applied to a wide variety of problems, but their decoding process incurs a quadratic time and space cost and is inapplicable to real-time sequence transduction. To…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-02-26 Chung-Cheng Chiu , Colin Raffel

The design of Large Language Models (LLMs) has long been hampered by a fundamental conflict within their core attention mechanism: its remarkable expressivity is built upon a computational complexity of O(H N^2) that grows quadratically…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Mingkuan Zhao , Wentao Hu , Jiayin Wang , Xin Lai , Tianchen Huang , Yuheng Min , Rui Yan , Xiaoyan Zhu

Quantum neural network (QNN) is one of the promising directions where the near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices could find advantageous applications against classical resources. Recurrent neural networks are the most…

Transformers have achieved significant success across various domains, relying on self-attention to capture dependencies. However, the standard first-order attention mechanism is often limited by a low-rank bottleneck, struggling to capture…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-05 Hanting Chen , Chong Zhu , Kai Han , Yuchuan Tian , Yuchen Liang , Tianyu Guo , Xinghao Chen , Dacheng Tao , Yunhe Wang

Semantic parsing models with applications in task oriented dialog systems require efficient sequence to sequence (seq2seq) architectures to be run on-device. To this end, we propose a projection based encoder-decoder model referred to as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-08-29 Arun Kandoor

The attention mechanism within the transformer architecture enables the model to weigh and combine tokens based on their relevance to the query. While self-attention has enjoyed major success, it notably treats all queries $q$ in the same…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Xuechen Zhang , Xiangyu Chang , Mingchen Li , Amit Roy-Chowdhury , Jiasi Chen , Samet Oymak

As the cornerstone of other important technologies, such as speech recognition and speech synthesis, speech enhancement is a critical area in audio signal processing. In this paper, a new deep learning structure for speech enhancement is…

声音 · 计算机科学 2021-08-30 Yuzi Yan , Wei-Qiang Zhang , Michael T. Johnson

Recent advances in large language models highlighted the excessive quadratic cost of self-attention. Despite the significant research efforts, subquadratic attention methods still suffer from inferior performance in practice. We hypothesize…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-02 Piotr Piękos , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

The Transformer architecture has been successful across many domains, including natural language processing, computer vision and speech recognition. In keyword spotting, self-attention has primarily been used on top of convolutional or…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-04-11 Axel Berg , Mark O'Connor , Miguel Tairum Cruz

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) frequently "cheat" by exploiting superficial correlations, raising concerns about whether they make predictions for the right reasons. Inspired by cognitive science, which highlights the role of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Ryan L. Yang , Dipkamal Bhusal , Nidhi Rastogi

Neural Processes (NPs) are a rapidly evolving class of models designed to directly model the posterior predictive distribution of stochastic processes. Originally developed as a scalable alternative to Gaussian Processes (GPs), which are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Daniel Jenson , Jhonathan Navott , Mengyan Zhang , Makkunda Sharma , Elizaveta Semenova , Seth Flaxman

Attention is a powerful and ubiquitous mechanism for allowing neural models to focus on particular salient pieces of information by taking their weighted average when making predictions. In particular, multi-headed attention is a driving…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-11-05 Paul Michel , Omer Levy , Graham Neubig

Deep pre-trained Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results over a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. By learning rich language knowledge with millions of parameters, these models are usually…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-11-10 Zhengyan Zhang , Fanchao Qi , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu , Maosong Sun