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Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is critical for safe deployment; however, existing detectors often struggle to generalize across datasets of varying scales and model architectures, and some can incur high computational costs in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-04 Litian Liu , Yao Qin

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to improve the reliability of machine learning models by detecting samples that do not belong to the training distribution. Detecting OOD samples effectively in certain tasks can pose a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-02 Divyanshu Mishra , He Zhao , Pramit Saha , Aris T. Papageorghiou , J. Alison Noble

The capability of reliably detecting out-of-distribution samples is one of the key factors in deploying a good classifier, as the test distribution always does not match with the training distribution in most real-world applications. In…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-05 Dongha Lee , Sehun Yu , Hwanjo Yu

Deep neural classifiers trained with cross-entropy loss (CE loss) often suffer from poor calibration, necessitating the task of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. Traditional supervised OOD detection methods require expensive manual…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-25 Dheeraj Mekala , Adithya Samavedhi , Chengyu Dong , Jingbo Shang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection helps models identify data outside the training categories, crucial for security applications. While feature-based post-hoc methods address this by evaluating data differences in the feature space without…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Yingsheng Wang , Shuo Lu , Jian Liang , Aihua Zheng , Ran He

In many critical Machine Learning applications, such as autonomous driving and medical image diagnosis, the detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is as crucial as accurately classifying in-distribution (ID) inputs. Recently Outlier…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-11 Lakpa D. Tamang , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Richard Dazeley , Sunil Aryal

Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

Deep Neural Networks are actively being used in the design of autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). The advantage of these models is their ability to handle high-dimensional state-space and learn compact surrogate representations of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-27 Shreyas Ramakrishna , Zahra Rahiminasab , Gabor Karsai , Arvind Easwaran , Abhishek Dubey

Out-of-distribution (OOD) learning often relies heavily on statistical approaches or predefined assumptions about OOD data distributions, hindering their efficacy in addressing multifaceted challenges of OOD generalization and OOD detection…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-16 Haoyue Bai , Xuefeng Du , Katie Rainey , Shibin Parameswaran , Yixuan Li

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-17 Pietro Recalcati , Fabio Garcea , Luca Piano , Fabrizio Lamberti , Lia Morra

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are often constructed under the closed-world assumption, which may fail to generalize to the out-of-distribution (OOD) data. This leads to DNNs producing overconfident wrong predictions and can result in…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-12-31 Yang Chen , Chih-Li Sung , Arpan Kusari , Xiaoyang Song , Wenbo Sun

Machine learning methods must be trusted to make appropriate decisions in real-world environments, even when faced with out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Many current approaches simply aim to detect OOD examples and alert the user when an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-13 Randolph Linderman , Jingyang Zhang , Nathan Inkawhich , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

In programming, learning code representations has a variety of applications, including code classification, code search, comment generation, bug prediction, and so on. Various representations of code in terms of tokens, syntax trees,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-10 Nghi D. Q. Bui , Yijun Yu

We study how the training data distribution affects confidence and performance in image classification models. We introduce Embedding Density, a model-agnostic framework that estimates prediction confidence by measuring the distance of test…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-28 Maksim Kazanskii , Artem Kasianov

For real-world language applications, detecting an out-of-distribution (OOD) sample is helpful to alert users or reject such unreliable samples. However, modern over-parameterized language models often produce overconfident predictions for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-07-20 Jaeyoung Kim , Kyuheon Jung , Dongbin Na , Sion Jang , Eunbin Park , Sungchul Choi

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for reliably deploying machine learning models in the wild. Yet, most methods treat large pre-trained models as monolithic encoders and rely solely on their final-layer representations for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 I. M. De la Jara , C. Rodriguez-Opazo , D. Teney , D. Ranasinghe , E. Abbasnejad

Recent studies have addressed the concern of detecting and rejecting the out-of-distribution (OOD) samples as a major challenge in the safe deployment of deep learning (DL) models. It is desired that the DL model should only be confident…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-10-18 Umar Khalid , Ashkan Esmaeili , Nazmul Karim , Nazanin Rahnavard

Machine learning models are vulnerable to Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) examples, and such a problem has drawn much attention. However, current methods lack a full understanding of different types of OOD data: there are benign OOD data that can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-11 Zhuo Huang , Xiaobo Xia , Li Shen , Bo Han , Mingming Gong , Chen Gong , Tongliang Liu

Despite recent advancements in out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, most current studies assume a class-balanced in-distribution training dataset, which is rarely the case in real-world scenarios. This paper addresses the challenging task…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-15 Tong Wei , Bo-Lin Wang , Min-Ling Zhang

Camouflaged Object Detection (COD) is a challenging task in computer vision due to the high similarity between camouflaged objects and their surroundings. Existing COD methods primarily employ semantic segmentation, which suffers from…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-30 Zhongxi Chen , Ke Sun , Xianming Lin , Rongrong Ji