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There is a growing interest in understanding the energy and environmental footprint of digital currencies, specifically in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. These cryptocurrencies are operated by a geographically distributed…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2022-10-24 Ashish Rajendra Sai , Harald Vranken

Smart contracts on Ethereum handle millions of U.S. Dollars and other financial assets. In the past, attackers have exploited smart contracts to steal these assets. The Ethereum community has developed plenty of tools to detect vulnerable…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-02-28 Chavhan Sujeet Yashavant , Saurabh Kumar , Amey Karkare

Sharding is the prevalent approach to breaking the trilemma of simultaneously achieving decentralization, security, and scalability in traditional blockchain systems, which are implemented as replicated state machines relying on atomic…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-01 Yizhong Liu , Jianwei Liu , Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles , Zongyang Zhang , Tong Li , Bin Hu , Fritz Henglein , Rongxing Lu

As one of the representative blockchain platforms, Ethereum has attracted lots of attacks. Due to the existed financial loss, there is a pressing need to perform timely investigation and detect more attack instances. Though multiple systems…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-10-26 Lei Wu , Siwei Wu , Yajin Zhou , Runhuai Li , Zhi Wang , Xiapu Luo , Cong Wang , Kui Ren

Data comes in many forms. From a shallow perspective, they can be viewed as being either in structured (e.g., as a relation, as key-value pairs) or unstructured (e.g., text, image) formats. So far, machines have been fairly good at…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Md Ataur Rahman , Dimitris Sacharidis , Oscar Romero , Sergi Nadal

The Ethereum protocol implements a replicated state machine. The network participants keep track of the system state by: 1) agreeing on the sequence of transactions to be processed and 2) computing the state transitions that correspond to…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2023-03-02 Franck Cassez , Joanne Fuller , Milad K. Ghale , David J. Pearce , Horacio M. A. Quiles

Cryptocurrency refers to a type of digital asset that uses distributed ledger, or blockchain, technology to enable a secure transaction. Although the technology is widely misunderstood, many central banks are considering launching their own…

计算金融 · 定量金融 2020-07-30 Wolfgang Karl Härdle , Campbell R. Harvey , Raphael C. G. Reule

The peer-to-peer (P2P) network of blockchain used to transport its transactions and blocks has a high impact on the efficiency and security of the system. The P2P network topologies of popular blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum,…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2021-03-30 Taotao Wang , Chonghe Zhao , Qing Yang , Shengli Zhang , Soung Chang Liew

Blockchain has been widely deployed in various sectors, such as finance, education, and public services. Since blockchain runs as an immutable distributed ledger, it has decentralized mechanisms with persistency, anonymity, and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-11-30 Qian Wei , Bingzhe Li , Wanli Chang , Zhiping Jia , Zhaoyan Shen , Zili Shao

EIP-1559 is a proposal to make several tightly coupled additions to Ethereum's transaction fee mechanism, including variable-size blocks and a burned base fee that rises and falls with demand. This report assesses the game-theoretic…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2020-12-03 Tim Roughgarden

There have been several studies into measuring the level of decentralization in Ethereum through applying various indices to indicate the relative dominance of entities in different domains in the ecosystem. However, these indices do not…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2025-05-20 Simon Brown , Leonardo Bautista-Gomez

Smart contracts are blockchain programs that often handle valuable assets. Writing secure smart contracts is far from trivial, and any vulnerability may lead to significant financial losses. To support developers in identifying and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-06-09 Monika di Angelo , Thomas Durieux , João F. Ferreira , Gernot Salzer

Ethereum smart contracts are executable programs, deployed on a peer-to-peer network and executed in a consensus-based fashion. Their bytecode is public, immutable and once deployed to the blockchain, cannot be patched anymore. As smart…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-07-10 Konrad Weiss , Julian Schütte

The YulCode dataset presents a comprehensive collection of 348,840 Yul-based smart contract instances, comprising approximately 135,013 unique contracts. These contracts were generated through the compilation of Solidity source files that…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Krzysztof Fonal

Efficiency is a fundamental property of any type of program, but it is even more so in the context of the programs executing on the blockchain (known as smart contracts). This is because optimizing smart contracts has direct consequences on…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2023-01-13 Elvira Albert , Jesús Correas , Pablo Gordillo , Guillermo Román-Díez , Albert Rubio

In the blockchain-based, distributed computing platform Ethereum, programs called smart contracts are compiled to bytecode and executed on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Executing EVM bytecode is subject to monetary fees---a clear…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2020-05-13 Julian Nagele , Maria A Schett

This thesis focuses on aspects related to the functioning of the gossip networks underlying three relatively popular cryptocurrencies: Ethereum, Nano and IOTA. We look at topics such as automatic discovery of peers when a new node joins the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-08-13 Sunny Katkuri

As the most popular blockchain that supports smart contracts, there are already more than 296 thousand kinds of cryptocurrencies built on Ethereum. However, not all cryptocurrencies can be controlled by users. For example, some money is…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-12-03 Xiaoqi Li , Ting Chen , Xiapu Luo , Chenxu Wang

In recent years Smart Contracts and DApps are becoming increasingly important and widespread thanks to the properties of blockchain technology. In most cases DApps are business critical, and very strict security requirements should be…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-08-12 Lodovica Marchesi , Michele Marchesi , Livio Pompianu , Roberto Tonelli

Smart contracts are central to a myriad of critical blockchain applications, from financial transactions to supply chain management. However, their adoption is hindered by security vulnerabilities that can result in significant financial…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Dalila Ressi , Alvise Spanò , Lorenzo Benetollo , Carla Piazza , Michele Bugliesi , Sabina Rossi