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While reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been successfully applied across numerous sequential decision-making problems, their generalization to unforeseen testing environments remains a significant concern. In this paper, we study…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-11 Linas Nasvytis , Kai Sandbrink , Jakob Foerster , Tim Franzmeyer , Christian Schroeder de Witt

Applying machine learning to increasingly high-dimensional problems with sparse or biased training data increases the risk that a model is used on inputs outside its training domain. For such out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, the model can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Juniper Tyree , Andreas Rupp , Petri S. Clusius , Michael H. Boy

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection is a natural downstream task for deep generative models, due to their ability to learn the input probability distribution. There are mainly two classes of approaches for OoD detection using deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-07-11 Yujia Huang , Sihui Dai , Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Anima Anandkumar

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and uncertainty estimation (UE) are critical components for building safe machine learning systems, especially in real-world scenarios where unexpected inputs are inevitable. However the two problems…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Pirzada Suhail , Rehna Afroz , Gouranga Bala , Amit Sethi

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the trustworthiness of AI systems. Methods using prior information (i.e., subspace-based methods) have shown effective performance by extracting information geometry to detect OOD data…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Kaiyu Guo , Zijian Wang , Tan Pan , Brian C. Lovell , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh

The deployment of machine learning solutions in real-world scenarios often involves addressing the challenge of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. While significant efforts have been devoted to OOD detection in classical supervised…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-10 Loïc Le Bescond , Maria Vakalopoulou , Stergios Christodoulidis , Fabrice André , Hugues Talbot

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the reliability of ML models. Most existing methods for OOD detection learn a fixed decision criterion from a given in-distribution dataset and apply it universally to decide if a data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-29 YiFan Zhang , Xue Wang , Tian Zhou , Kun Yuan , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin , Tieniu Tan

Despite rapid advances in AI, safety remains the main bottleneck to deploying machine-learning systems. A critical safety component is out-of-distribution detection: given an input, decide whether it comes from the same distribution as the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Joonas Järve , Karl Kaspar Haavel , Meelis Kull

Understanding the decision-making and trusting the reliability of Deep Machine Learning Models is crucial for adopting such methods to safety-relevant applications. We extend self-explainable Prototypical Variational models with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Conrad Orglmeister , Erik Bochinski , Volker Eiselein , Elvira Fleig

As machine learning becomes increasingly prevalent in impactful decisions, recognizing when inference data is outside the model's expected input distribution is paramount for giving context to predictions. Out-of-distribution (OOD)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-19 Anish Lakkapragada , Amol Khanna , Edward Raff , Nathan Inkawhich

This paper proposes a novel out-of-distribution (OOD) detection framework named MoodCat for image classifiers. MoodCat masks a random portion of the input image and uses a generative model to synthesize the masked image to a new image…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-08-02 Yijun Yang , Ruiyuan Gao , Qiang Xu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical to ensure the safe deployment of deep learning models in critical applications. Deep learning models can often misidentify OOD samples as in-distribution (ID) samples. This vulnerability…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Sudarshan Regmi

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the deployment of machine learning models in the open world. While existing OOD detectors are effective in identifying OOD samples that deviate significantly from in-distribution (ID) data,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Hao Fu , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami

This paper proposes a method for OOD detection. Questioning the premise of previous studies that ID and OOD samples are separated distinctly, we consider samples lying in the intermediate of the two and use them for training a network. We…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-01-08 Engkarat Techapanurak , Anh-Chuong Dang , Takayuki Okatani

Density-based Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently been shown unreliable for the task of detecting OOD images. Various density ratio based approaches achieve good empirical performance, however methods typically lack a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-09 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Yitong Sun , Steven McDonagh

Deep neural networks (DNNs) perform well at classifying inputs associated with the classes they have been trained on, which are known as in distribution inputs. However, out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs pose a great challenge to DNNs and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-24 Guy Amit , Moshe Levy , Ishai Rosenberg , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

Supervised learning aims to train a classifier under the assumption that training and test data are from the same distribution. To ease the above assumption, researchers have studied a more realistic setting: out-of-distribution (OOD)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-28 Zhen Fang , Yixuan Li , Jie Lu , Jiahua Dong , Bo Han , Feng Liu

Deep Neural Networks are actively being used in the design of autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). The advantage of these models is their ability to handle high-dimensional state-space and learn compact surrogate representations of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-27 Shreyas Ramakrishna , Zahra Rahiminasab , Gabor Karsai , Arvind Easwaran , Abhishek Dubey

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data at inference time is crucial for many applications of machine learning. We present XOOD: a novel extreme value-based OOD detection framework for image classification that consists of two algorithms.…

Machine learning algorithms often encounter different or "out-of-distribution" (OOD) data at deployment time, and OOD detection is frequently employed to detect these examples. While it works reasonably well in practice, existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-16 Konstantin Garov , Kamalika Chaudhuri