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This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of quantization techniques for optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically focusing on Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT). Through empirical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-12 Jahid Hasan

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is widely adopted to quantize language models by training full-precision weights using gradients from the quantized model. The main bottleneck is its slow convergence and early performance plateau,…

While transformer-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) have dominated a number of NLP applications, these models are heavy to deploy and expensive to use. Therefore, effectively compressing large-scale PLMs becomes an increasingly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-02 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Yang Yang , Jingang Wang , Wei Wu , Yunsen Xian , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Weight quantization is used to deploy high-performance deep learning models on resource-limited hardware, enabling the use of low-precision integers for storage and computation. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) share the goal of enhancing…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2024-05-01 Sreyes Venkatesh , Razvan Marinescu , Jason K. Eshraghian

As wireless communication systems advance toward Sixth Generation (6G) Radio Access Networks (RAN), Deep Learning (DL)-based neural receivers are emerging as transformative solutions for Physical Layer (PHY) processing, delivering superior…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-16 SaiKrishna Saketh Yellapragada , Esa Ollila , Mario Costa

Lately, post-training quantization methods have gained considerable attention, as they are simple to use, and require only a small unlabeled calibration set. This small dataset cannot be used to fine-tune the model without significant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-15 Itay Hubara , Yury Nahshan , Yair Hanani , Ron Banner , Daniel Soudry

Transformer-based models have gained widespread popularity in both the computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP) fields. However, significant challenges arise during post-training linear quantization, leading to noticeable…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-12 Jiun-Man Chen , Yu-Hsuan Chao , Yu-Jie Wang , Ming-Der Shieh , Chih-Chung Hsu , Wei-Fen Lin

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce the deployment cost of large language models (LLMs), and post-training quantization (PTQ) has been widely studied due to its efficiency. However, existing PTQ methods are limited by their…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly computationally complex, developing efficient deployment strategies, such as quantization, becomes crucial. State-of-the-art Post-training Quantization (PTQ) techniques often rely on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-17 Alireza Ghaffari , Sharareh Younesian , Boxing Chen , Vahid Partovi Nia , Masoud Asgharian

In Large Language Models (LLMs), the number of parameters has grown exponentially in the past few years, e.g., from 1.5 billion parameters in GPT-2 to 175 billion in GPT-3 to possibly more than trillion in higher versions. This raises a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Mahmoud Elgenedy

Deep Neural Networks reached state-of-the-art performance across numerous domains, but this progress has come at the cost of increasingly large and over-parameterized models, posing serious challenges for deployment on resource-constrained…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Dario Malchiodi , Mattia Ferraretto , Marco Frasca

Quantization is a popular technique that $transforms$ the parameter representation of a neural network from floating-point numbers into lower-precision ones ($e.g.$, 8-bit integers). It reduces the memory footprint and the computational…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-12 Sanghyun Hong , Michael-Andrei Panaitescu-Liess , Yiğitcan Kaya , Tudor Dumitraş

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a common paradigm for network quantization, in which the training phase incorporates the simulation of the low-precision computation to optimize the quantization parameters in alignment with the task…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-23 Chengting Yu , Shu Yang , Fengzhao Zhang , Hanzhi Ma , Aili Wang , Er-Ping Li

Large language models (LLMs) require immense resources for training and inference. Quantization, a technique that reduces the precision of model parameters, offers a promising solution for improving LLM efficiency and sustainability. While…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Jacob Nielsen , Peter Schneider-Kamp , Lukas Galke

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has received significant attention because it requires only a small set of calibration data to quantize a full-precision model, which is more practical in real-world applications in which full access to a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-30 Cuong Pham , Hoang Anh Dung , Cuong C. Nguyen , Trung Le , Dinh Phung , Gustavo Carneiro , Thanh-Toan Do

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a leading technique for improving the accuracy of quantized neural networks. Previous work has shown that decomposing training into a full-precision (FP) phase followed by a QAT phase yields superior…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Aleksandr Dremov , David Grangier , Angelos Katharopoulos , Awni Hannun

Transformer-based pre-training models like BERT have achieved remarkable performance in many natural language processing tasks.However, these models are both computation and memory expensive, hindering their deployment to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-10-13 Wei Zhang , Lu Hou , Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Xiao Chen , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) for vision transformers (ViTs) has received increasing attention from both academic and industrial communities due to its minimal data needs and high time efficiency. However, many current methods fail to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Yunshan Zhong , You Huang , Jiawei Hu , Yuxin Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Network quantization has gained increasing attention with the rapid growth of large pre-trained language models~(PLMs). However, most existing quantization methods for PLMs follow quantization-aware training~(QAT) that requires end-to-end…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-10-01 Haoli Bai , Lu Hou , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu

Large language models can be quantized to reduce inference time latency, model size, and energy consumption, thereby delivering a better user experience at lower cost. A challenge exists to deliver quantized models with minimal loss of…