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Blockchain technologies, such as smart contracts, present a unique interface for machine-to-machine communication that provides a secure, append-only record that can be shared without trust and without a central administrator. We study the…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2019-01-09 Yuichi Hanada , Luke Hsiao , Philip Levis

In recent years, smart contracts have suffered major exploits, costing millions of dollars. Unlike traditional programs, smart contracts are deployed on a blockchain. As such, they cannot be modified once deployed. Though various tools have…

Smart contracts form the core of Web3 applications. Contracts mediate the transfer of cryptocurrency, making them irresistible targets for hackers. We introduce ASP, a system aimed at easing the construction of provably secure contracts.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-25 Devora Chait-Roth , Kedar S. Namjoshi

Solidity is an object-oriented and high-level language for writing smart contracts that are used to execute, verify and enforce credible transactions on permissionless blockchains. In the last few years, analysis of smart contracts has…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2019-08-16 Chao Peng , Sefa Akca , Ajitha Rajan

Smart contracts are a special type of programs running inside a blockchain. Immutable and transparent, they provide means to implement fault-tolerant and censorship-resistant services. Unfortunately, its immutability causes a serious…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2018-12-04 Evgeniy Shishkin

A blockchain-based smart contract or a "smart contract" for short, is a computer program intended to digitally facilitate the negotiation or contractual terms directly between users when certain conditions are met. With the advance in…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2019-06-11 Yining Hu , Madhusanka Liyanage , Ahsan Mansoor , Kanchana Thilakarathna , Guillaume Jourjon , Aruna Seneviratne

Simplicity is a typed, combinator-based, functional language without loops and recursion, designed to be used for crypto-currencies and blockchain applications. It aims to improve upon existing crypto-currency languages, such as Bitcoin…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2017-12-15 Russell O'Connor

Smart contracts are blockchain-based algorithms that execute when specific criteria are satisfied. They are often used to automate the implementation of an agreement so that all parties may be confident of the conclusion right away, without…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-12-19 Harry Virani , Manthan Kyada

CairoZero is a programming language for running decentralized applications (dApps) at scale. Programs written in the CairoZero language are compiled to machine code for the Cairo CPU architecture and cryptographic protocols are used to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Jeremy Avigad , Lior Goldberg , David Levit , Yoav Seginer , Alon Titelman

The growing adoption of smart contracts on blockchains poses new security risks that can lead to significant monetary loss, while existing approaches either provide no (or partial) security guarantees for smart contracts or require huge…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2021-03-04 Shaokai Lin , Xinyuan Sun , Jianan Yao , Ronghui Gu

Digital transactions currently exceed trillions of dollars annually, yet traditional paper-based agreements remain a bottleneck for automation, enforceability, and dispute resolution. Natural language contracts introduce ambiguity, require…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 To-Wen Liu , Matthew Green

This paper presents DeCon, a declarative programming language for implementing smart contracts and specifying contract-level properties. Driven by the observation that smart contract operations and contract-level properties can be naturally…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-07-29 Haoxian Chen , Gerald Whitters , Mohammad Javad Amiri , Yuepeng Wang , Boon Thau Loo

A smart contract is an interactive program that governs funds in the realm of a single cryptocurrency. Yet, the many existing cryptocurrencies have spurred the design of cross-chain applications that require interactions with multiple…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-30 Federico Badaloni , Sebastian Holler , Chrysoula Oikonomou , Pedro Moreno-Sanchez , Clara Schneidewind

The emerging blockchain technology supports decentralized computing paradigm shift and is a rapidly approaching phenomenon. While blockchain is thought primarily as the basis of Bitcoin, its application has grown far beyond cryptocurrencies…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-06-23 Reza M. Parizi , Ali Dehghantanha , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Amritraj Singh

Smart contracts are computer programs that can be consistently executed by a network of mutually distrusting nodes, without the arbitration of a trusted authority. Because of their resilience to tampering, smart contracts are appealing in…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-06-21 Massimo Bartoletti , Livio Pompianu

The Ethereum platform supports the decentralized execution of smart contracts, i.e. computer programs that transfer digital assets between users. The most common language used to develop these contracts is Solidity, a Javascript-like…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2019-08-08 Massimo Bartoletti , Letterio Galletta , Maurizio Murgia

Truxen is a Trusted Computing enhanced blockchain that uses Proof of Integrity protocol as the consensus. Proof of Integrity protocol is derived from Trusted Computing and associated Remote Attestations, that can be used to vouch a node's…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-04-18 Chao Zhang

Smart contracts are applications that execute on blockchains. Today they manage billions of dollars in value and motivate visionary plans for pervasive blockchain deployment. While smart contracts inherit the availability and other security…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-08-28 Raymond Cheng , Fan Zhang , Jernej Kos , Warren He , Nicholas Hynes , Noah Johnson , Ari Juels , Andrew Miller , Dawn Song

Smart contracts are crucial elements of decentralized technologies, but they face significant obstacles to trustworthiness due to security bugs and trapdoors. To address the core issue, we propose a technology that enables programmers to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-04-19 Nikolaj Bjørner , Shuo Chen , Yang Chen , Zhongxin Guo , Peng Liu , Nanqing Luo

Formal verification entails testing software to ensure it operates as specified. Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into lines of code. They run on blockchain platforms and…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Rene Davila , Everardo Barcenas , Rocio Aldeco-Perez