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In the recent years, we have witnessed a huge growth in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) and edge devices being used in our everyday activities. This demands the security of these devices from cyber attacks to be improved to protect…

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) detect intrusion attacks in network traffic. In particular, machine-learning-based NIDSs have attracted attention because of their high detection rates of unknown attacks. A distributed processing…

As the number of cyberattacks and their particualr nature escalate, the need for effective intrusion detection systems (IDS) has become indispensable for ensuring the security of contemporary networks. Adaptive and more sophisticated…

Timely response of Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) is constrained by the flow generation process which requires accumulation of network packets. This paper introduces Multivariate Time Series (MTS) early detection into NIDS to…

This paper presents neural networks for network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), that operate on flow data preprocessed with a time window. It requires only eleven features which do not rely on deep packet inspection and can be found in…

Network intrusions are a significant problem in all industries today. A critical part of the solution is being able to effectively detect intrusions. With recent advances in artificial intelligence, current research has begun adopting deep…

Network traffic is growing at an outpaced speed globally. The modern network infrastructure makes classic network intrusion detection methods inefficient to classify an inflow of vast network traffic. This paper aims to present a modern…

Supervised detection of network attacks has always been a critical part of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). Nowadays, in a pivotal time for artificial intelligence (AI), with even more sophisticated attacks that utilize advanced…

The increase in network attacks has necessitated the development of robust and efficient intrusion detection systems (IDS) capable of identifying malicious activities in real-time. In the last five years, deep learning algorithms have…

This survey systematizes the evolution of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), from conventional methods such as signature-based and neural network (NN)-based approaches to recent integrations with large language models (LLMs). It…

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is the next generation to change the architecture of traditional networks. SDN is one of the promising solutions to change the architecture of internet networks. Attacks become more common due to the…

The evolution of the traditional power grid into the "smart grid" has resulted in a fundamental shift in energy management, which allows the integration of renewable energy sources with modern communication technology. However, this…

Protecting Internet of things (IoT) devices against cyber attacks is imperative owing to inherent security vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities can include a spectrum of sophisticated attacks that pose significant damage to both…

Identifying suitable machine learning paradigms for intrusion detection remains critical for building effective and generalizable security solutions. In this study, we present a controlled comparison of four representative models -…

Most research using machine learning (ML) for network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) uses well-established datasets such as KDD-CUP99, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS-2017. In this context, the possibilities of machine learning…

Various studies among side-channel attacks have tried to extract information through leakages from electronic devices to reach the instruction flow of some appliances. However, previous methods highly depend on the resolution of traced…

This paper presents the FlowTransformer framework, a novel approach for implementing transformer-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs). FlowTransformer leverages the strengths of transformer models in identifying the long-term…

Despite decades of development, existing IDSs still face challenges in improving detection accuracy, evasion, and detection of unknown attacks. To solve these problems, many researchers have focused on designing and developing IDSs that use…

The popularity of Software Defined Networks (SDNs) has grown in recent years, mainly because of their ability to simplify network management and improve network flexibility. However, this also makes them vulnerable to various types of cyber…

Network intrusion detection is critical for securing modern networks, yet the complexity of network traffic poses significant challenges to traditional methods. This study proposes a Temporal Convolutional Network(TCN) model featuring a…