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One of the main scenarios of planet formation is the core accretion model where a massive core forms first and then accretes a gaseous envelope. This core forms by accreting solids, either planetesimals, or pebbles. A key constraint in this…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-11-21 Natacha Brügger , Yann Alibert , Sareh Ataiee , Willy Benz

Previous research suggests that impacts between planetary embryos and planetesimals during the late stages of planet formation can often determine the percentages of core and mantle material that compose the newly formed planets in a…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-06-14 Noah Ferich , Anna C. Childs , Jason H. Steffen

Dynamical scenarios of terrestrial planets formation involve strong perturbations of the inner part of the solar system by the giant-planets, leading to enhanced impact velocities and subsequent collisional erosion. We quantitatively…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-04-14 Laetitia Allibert , Sébastien Charnoz , Julien Siebert , Seth A. Jacobson , Sean N. Raymond

The late stages of terrestrial planet formation are dominated by giant impacts that collectively influence the growth, composition and habitability of any planets that form. Hitherto, numerical models designed to explore these late stage…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-04-27 Elisa V. Quintana , Thomas Barclay , William Borucki , Jason F. Rowe , John E. Chambers

During the late stage of planet formation when Mars-size cores appear, interactions among planetary cores can excite their orbital eccentricities, speed their merges and thus sculpture the final architecture of planet systems. This series…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-03-13 Huigen Liu , Ji-lin Zhou , S. Wang

State-of-the-art planet formation models are now capable of accounting for the full spectrum of known planet types. This comes at the cost of increasing complexity of the models, which calls into question whether established links between…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-12-08 M. Schlecker , D. Pham , R. Burn , Y. Alibert , C. Mordasini , A. Emsenhuber , H. Klahr , Th. Henning , L. Mishra

To date, no accretion model has succeeded in reproducing all observed constraints in the inner Solar System. These constraints include 1) the orbits, in particular the small eccentricities, and 2) the masses of the terrestrial planets --…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-13 Sean N. Raymond , David P. O'Brien , Alessandro Morbidelli , Nathan A. Kaib

In the core accretion scenario, a massive core forms first and then accretes an envelope. When discussing how this core forms some divergences appear. First scenarios of planet formation predict the accretion of km-sized bodies, called…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-08-05 Natacha Brügger , Remo Burn , Gavin Coleman , Yann Alibert , Willy Benz

The accretion of pebbles on planetary cores has been widely studied in recent years and is found to be a highly effective mechanism for planetary growth. While most studies assume planetary cores as an initial condition in their simulation,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-02-10 Oliver Voelkel , Rogerio Deienno , Katherine Kretke , Hubert Klahr

A remarkable discovery of NASA's Kepler mission is the wide diversity in the average densities of planets of similar mass. After gas disk dissipation, fully formed planets could interact with nearby planetesimals from a remnant planetesimal…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-01-10 Sourav Chatterjee , Howard Chen

During the final stage of planetary formation, different formation pathways of planetary embryos could significantly influence the observed variations in planetary densities. Of the approximately 5,000 exoplanets identified to date, a…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-03-07 Jingyao Dou , Philip J. Carter , Zoë M. Leinhardt

Giant impacts, the collisions between planetary embryos, play a crucial role in sculpting the planets and their orbital architectures. Numerical simulations have advanced our understanding of these events, enabling estimations of mass and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-11-19 Tuhin Ghosh , Mark Wyatt , Oliver Shorttle

We develop a simple model for computing planetary formation based on the core instability model for the gas accretion and the oligarchic growth regime for the accretion of the solid core. In this model several planets can form…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Yamila Miguel , Adrian Brunini

Context. Planet formation with pebbles has been proposed to solve a couple of long-standing issues in the classical formation model. Some sophisticated simulations have been done to confirm the efficiency of pebble accretion. However, there…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-11-29 Soko Matsumura , Ramon Brasser , Shigeru Ida

During the late stage of terrestrial planet formation, hit-and-run collisions are about as common as accretionary mergers, for expected velocities and angles of giant impacts. Average hit-and-runs leave two major remnants plus debris: the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-10-04 Alexandre Emsenhuber , Erik Asphaug , Saverio Cambioni , Travis S. J. Gabriel , Stephen R. Schwartz

We examine 141 N-body simulations of terrestrial planet late-stage accretion that use the Grand Tack scenario, coupling the collisional results with a hafnium-tungsten (Hf-W) isotopic evolution model. Accretion in the Grand Tack scenario…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-10-03 Nicholas G. Zube , Francis Nimmo , Rebecca Fischer , Seth A. Jacobson

Context. The effects of planetesimal fragmentation on planet formation has been studied by various models on single embryos therefore neglecting concurrent effects mostly in the outer disk. They show that planetesimal fragmentation can both…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-08-09 Nicolas Kaufmann , Yann Alibert

Several lines of evidence indicate a non-chondritic composition for Bulk Earth. If Earth formed from the accretion of chondritic material, its non-chondritic composition, in particular the super-chondritic 142Nd/144Nd and low Mg/Fe ratios,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-23 Amy Bonsor , Zoë M. Leinhardt , Philip J. Carter , Tim Elliott , Michael J. Walter , Sarah T. Stewart

The last phase of the formation of rocky planets is dominated by collisions among Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Simulations of this phase need to handle the difficulty of including the post-impact material without saturating the…

Planetary systems with sufficiently small orbital spacings can experience planetary mergers and ejections. The branching ratio of mergers vs ejections depends sensitively on the treatment of planetary close encounters. Previous works have…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-12-16 Jiaru Li , Dong Lai , Kassandra R. Anderson , Bonan Pu