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Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used in real-world applications, yet they remain vulnerable to errors and adversarial attacks. Formal verification offers a systematic approach to identify and mitigate these vulnerabilities, enhancing…

Inference accuracy of deep neural networks (DNNs) is a crucial performance metric, but can vary greatly in practice subject to actual test datasets and is typically unknown due to the lack of ground truth labels. This has raised significant…

Deep neural networks have demonstrated promising performance on image recognition tasks. However, they may heavily rely on confounding factors, using irrelevant artifacts or bias within the dataset as the cue to improve performance. When a…

Complex nonlinear models such as deep neural network (DNNs) have become an important tool for image classification, speech recognition, natural language processing, and many other fields of application. These models however lack…

Deep neural networks (DNN) have been deployed in many software systems to assist in various classification tasks. In company with the fantastic effectiveness in classification, DNNs could also exhibit incorrect behaviors and result in…

The ability of deep learning (DL) to improve the practice of medicine and its clinical outcomes faces a looming obstacle: model interpretation. Without description of how outputs are generated, a collaborating physician can neither resolve…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated superior performance over classical machine learning to support many features in safety-critical systems. Although DNNs are now widely used in such systems (e.g., self driving cars), there is…

Although deep neural networks (DNNs) have made rapid progress in recent years, they are vulnerable in adversarial environments. A malicious backdoor could be embedded in a model by poisoning the training dataset, whose intention is to make…

The use of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models in risk-based decision-making has attracted extensive attention with broad applications in medical, finance, manufacturing, and quality control. To mitigate prediction-related risks in decision…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are everywhere, frequently performing a fairly complex task that used to be unimaginable for machines to carry out. In doing so, they do a lot of decision making which, depending on the application, may be…

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are increasingly used as components of larger software systems that need to process complex data, such as images, written texts, audio/video signals. DNN predictions cannot be assumed to be always correct for…

Deep learning has shown great promise in the domain of medical image analysis. Medical professionals and healthcare providers have been adopting the technology to speed up and enhance their work. These systems use deep neural networks (DNN)…

Deep learning as represented by the artificial deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved great success in many important areas that deal with text, images, videos, graphs, and so on. However, the black-box nature of DNNs has become one of…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are shown to be promising solutions in many challenging artificial intelligence tasks. However, it is very hard to figure out whether the low precision of a DNN model is an inevitable result, or caused by…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the technology of choice for realizing a variety of complex tasks. However, as highlighted by many recent studies, even an imperceptible perturbation to a correctly classified input can lead to…

Software development in the aerospace domain requires adhering to strict, high-quality standards. While there exist regulatory guidelines for commercial software in this domain (e.g., ARP-4754 and DO-178), these do not apply to software…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown unprecedented success in object detection tasks. However, it was also discovered that DNNs are vulnerable to multiple kinds of attacks, including Backdoor Attacks. Through the attack, the attacker…

Machine learning (ML) models, e.g., deep neural networks (DNNs), are vulnerable to adversarial examples: malicious inputs modified to yield erroneous model outputs, while appearing unmodified to human observers. Potential attacks include…

Neural networks (NNs) have been successfully applied to solve a variety of application problems involving classification and function approximation. Although backpropagation NNs generally predict better than decision trees do for pattern…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are the workhorses of deep learning, which constitutes the state of the art in numerous application domains. However, DNN-based decision rules are notoriously prone to poor generalization, i.e., may prove…