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Recent observations in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths reveal an EUV late phase in some solar flares that is characterized by a second peak in warm coronal emissions ($\sim3$~MK) several tens of minutes to a few hours after the soft…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-05-02 Yu Dai , Mingde Ding

The extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) late phase of solar flares is a second peak of warm coronal emissions (e.g., Fe XVI) for many minutes to a few hours after the GOES soft X-ray peak. It was first observed by the EUV Variability Experiment (EVE)…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-22 Y. Li , M. D. Ding , Y. Guo , Y. Dai

Extreme-ultraviolet late phase (ELP) refers to the second extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation enhancement observed in certain solar flares, which usually occurs tens of minutes to several hours after the peak of soft X-ray emission. The…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-06-22 Jiale Zhang , Bin Chen , Sijie Yu , Hui Tian , Yuqian Wei , Hechao Chen , Guangyu Tan , Yingjie Luo , Xingyao Chen

Context. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) late-phase (ELP) flares exhibit a second peak in warm coronal emissions minutes to hours after the main peak of the flare. This phase is all but negligible, and it is still poorly understood what role it…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-12-02 Sascha Ornig , Astrid M. Veronig , Karin Dissauer

A second peak in extreme ultraviolet sometimes appears during the gradual phase of solar flares, which is known as EUV late phase (ELP). Stereotypically ELP is associated with two separated sets of flaring loops with distinct sizes, and it…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-10-13 Jun Chen , Rui Liu , Kai Liu , Arun Kumar Awasthi , Pejin Zhang , Yuming Wang , Bernhard Kliem

The second peak in the Fe XVI 33.5 nm line irradiance observed during solar flares by Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) is known as Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) late phase. Our previous paper (Liu et al. 2013) found that the…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-04-22 Kai Liu , Yuming Wang , Jie Zhang , Xin Cheng , Rui Liu , Chenglong Shen

Solar flares typically have an impulsive phase that followed by a gradual phase as best seen in soft X-ray emissions. A recent discovery based on the EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) observations onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-04-22 Kai Liu , Jie Zhang , Yuming Wang , Xin Cheng

We analyzed and modeled an M1.2 non-eruptive solar flare on 2011 September 9. The flare exhibits a strong late-phase peak of the warm coronal emissions ($\sim$3~MK) of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV), with peak emission over 1.3 times that of the…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-08-29 Yu Dai , Mingde Ding , Weiguo Zong , Kai E. Yang

A second emission enhancement in warm coronal extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lines (about 2-7 MK) during some solar flares is known as the EUV late phase. Imaging observations confirm that the late phase emission originates from a set of longer…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-06-19 Zhenjun Zhou , Xin Cheng , Lijuan Liu , Yu Dai , Yuming Wang , Jun Cui

Recent observations in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths reveal an EUV late phase in some solar flares, which is characterized by a second peak in the warm coronal emissions (about 3 MK) occurring several tens of minutes to a few hours…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-07-19 Yuehong Chen , Yu Dai , Mingde Ding

We present observations and analysis of an X1.8 non-eruptive solar flare on 2012 October 23, which is characterized by an extremely large late-phase peak seen in the warm coronal extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emissions ($\sim$ 3 MK), with the…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-10-25 Shihan Li , Yu Dai , Mingde Ding , Jinhan Guo , Hao Wu

We report observations of an X class flare on 2011 September 6 by the instruments onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The flare occurs in a complex active region with multiple polarities. The Extreme-Ultraviolet (EUV) Variability…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-16 Y. Dai , M. D. Ding , Y. Guo

The SDO EUV observations have revealed interesting characteristics of warm coronal emissions, which peak soon after the hot coronal X-ray emissions peak during a flare and then sometimes peak for a second time hours after the X-ray flare…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-18 Thomas N. Woods

Since its launch in 2010, the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) has provided continuous, high-cadence, multi-wavelength observations of the Sun, capturing thousands of solar flares and offering new insights into coronal dynamics. Among the…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-05-18 Harry J. Greatorex , Aisling N. O'Hare , Susanna Bekker , Ryan J. Campbell , Daniel C. Keane , Ryan O. Milligan

The EUV late phase is the second increase of the irradiance of the warm coronal lines during solar flares, and has a crucial impact on the Earth's ionosphere. In this paper, we report on the extremely energetic EUV late phase of a pair of…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-12-10 Ya Wang , Sargam M. Mulay , Lyndsay Fletcher

We report multi-wavelength observations of four solar flares on 2014 July 07. We firstly select these flares according to the soft X-ray (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions recorded by the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-05-05 Dong Li , Alexander Warmuth , Lei Lu , Zongjun Ning

A solar flare is composed of impulsive energy release events by magnetic reconnection, which forms and heats flare loops. Recent studies have revealed a two-phase evolution pattern of UV 1600\AA\ emission at the feet of these loops: a rapid…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2013-09-16 Jiong Qiu , Zoe Sturrock , Dana W. Longcope , James A. Klimchuk , Wen-Juan , Liu

The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray radiation emitted during solar flares has been shown to significantly increase the electron density of the Earth's ionosphere. During flares, quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) in X-ray flux originating…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-04-11 Aisling N. O'Hare , Susanna Bekker , Laura A. Hayes , Ryan O. Milligan

Since the launch of NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory on 2010 February 11, the Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) has observed numerous flares. One interesting feature observed by EVE is that a subset of flares exhibit an…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2012-02-23 R. A. Hock , T. N. Woods , J. A. Klimchuk , F. G. Eparvier , A. R. Jones

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) solar flare emissions evolve in time as the emitting plasma heats and then cools. Although accurately modeling this evolution has been historically difficult, especially for empirical relationships, it is important…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-11-28 Edward M. B. Thiemann , Francis G. Eparvier , Thomas N. Woods
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