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Reinforcement Learning (RL) is widely used in tasks where agents interact with an environment to maximize rewards. Building on this foundation, Safe Reinforcement Learning (Safe RL) incorporates a cost metric alongside the reward metric,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-02 Weiran Guo , Guanjun Liu , Ziyuan Zhou , Ling Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has advanced greatly in the past few years with the employment of effective deep neural networks (DNNs) on the policy networks. With the great effectiveness came serious vulnerability issues with DNNs that small…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-07-06 Edgar Tretschk , Seong Joon Oh , Mario Fritz

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is widely applied to safety-critical decision-making scenarios. However, DRL is vulnerable to backdoor attacks, especially action-level backdoors, which pose significant threats through precise manipulation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Oubo Ma , Linkang Du , Yang Dai , Chunyi Zhou , Qingming Li , Yuwen Pu , Shouling Ji

We introduce two tactics to attack agents trained by deep reinforcement learning algorithms using adversarial examples, namely the strategically-timed attack and the enchanting attack. In the strategically-timed attack, the adversary aims…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-14 Yen-Chen Lin , Zhang-Wei Hong , Yuan-Hong Liao , Meng-Li Shih , Ming-Yu Liu , Min Sun

Federated learning (FL) allows a set of agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their potentially sensitive data. This makes FL suitable for privacy-preserving applications. At the same time, FL is susceptible to adversarial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-02 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Yulia R. Gel

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the secure deployment of large language models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to implant hidden behaviors triggered by specific inputs. However, existing methods often rely on manually crafted…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-24 Yige Li , Zhe Li , Wei Zhao , Nay Myat Min , Hanxun Huang , Xingjun Ma , Jun Sun

Recent studies have shown that cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (c-MADRL) is under the threat of backdoor attacks. Once a backdoor trigger is observed, it will perform malicious actions leading to failures or malicious…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-21 Jing Fang , Saihao Yan , Xueyu Yin , Yinbo Yu , Chunwei Tian , Jiajia Liu

Contrastive Learning (CL) has attracted enormous attention due to its remarkable capability in unsupervised representation learning. However, recent works have revealed the vulnerability of CL to backdoor attacks: the feature extractor…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-04-12 Weiyu Sun , Xinyu Zhang , Hao Lu , Yingcong Chen , Ting Wang , Jinghui Chen , Lu Lin

With the success of deep learning algorithms in various domains, studying adversarial attacks to secure deep models in real world applications has become an important research topic. Backdoor attacks are a form of adversarial attacks on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-12-24 Aniruddha Saha , Akshayvarun Subramanya , Hamed Pirsiavash

Deep learning is becoming increasingly popular in real-life applications, especially in natural language processing (NLP). Users often choose training outsourcing or adopt third-party data and models due to data and computation resources…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-23 Xuan Sheng , Zhaoyang Han , Piji Li , Xiangmao Chang

Backdoor attacks can cause reinforcement learning (RL) policies to behave normally under clean inputs while executing malicious behaviors when triggers are present. Existing RL backdoor attacks are primarily studied in simulation and often…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Tairan Huang , Qingqing Ye , Yulin Jin , Jiawei Lian , Yaxin Xiao , Yi Wang , Haibo Hu

Machine learning is vulnerable to adversarial manipulation. Previous literature has demonstrated that at the training stage attackers can manipulate data and data sampling procedures to control model behaviour. A common attack goal is to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-17 Mikel Bober-Irizar , Ilia Shumailov , Yiren Zhao , Robert Mullins , Nicolas Papernot

This paper proposes adversarial attacks for Reinforcement Learning (RL) and then improves the robustness of Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms (DRL) to parameter uncertainties with the help of these attacks. We show that even a naively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-12-12 Anay Pattanaik , Zhenyi Tang , Shuijing Liu , Gautham Bommannan , Girish Chowdhary

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has achieved remarkable success in a wide range of sequential decision-making applications, including robotics, healthcare, smart grids, and finance. Recent studies reveal that adversaries can implant…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Mingxuan Zhang , Oubo Ma , Kang Wei , Songze Li , Shouling Ji

Backdoor attack intends to embed hidden backdoor into deep neural networks (DNNs), so that the attacked models perform well on benign samples, whereas their predictions will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-02-17 Yiming Li , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shu-Tao Xia

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence, particularly large language models a number of sub-fields of deep learning have made significant progress and are now very useful in everyday applications. For…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Orson Mengara

Despite their growing adoption across domains, large language model (LLM)-powered agents face significant security risks from backdoor attacks during training and fine-tuning. These compromised agents can subsequently be manipulated to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Li Changjiang , Liang Jiacheng , Cao Bochuan , Chen Jinghui , Wang Ting

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to neural networks, enabling adversaries to manipulate model outputs on specific inputs, often with devastating consequences, especially in critical applications. While backdoor attacks have been…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Zhen Guo , Abhinav Kumar , Reza Tourani

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is an emerging paradigm that significantly boosts a Large Language Model's (LLM's) reasoning abilities on complex logical tasks, such as mathematics and programming. However, we…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Weiyang Guo , Zesheng Shi , Zeen Zhu , Yuan Zhou , Min Zhang , Jing Li

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a subfield of machine learning for training autonomous agents that take sequential actions across complex environments. Despite its significant performance in well-known environments, it remains…