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Most popular optimizers for deep learning can be broadly categorized as adaptive methods (e.g. Adam) and accelerated schemes (e.g. stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with momentum). For many models such as convolutional neural networks…

Adaptive gradient methods such as Adam have gained extreme popularity due to their success in training complex neural networks and less sensitivity to hyperparameter tuning compared to SGD. However, it has been recently shown that Adam can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-12-11 Pedro Savarese

The Adam algorithm has become extremely popular for large-scale machine learning. Under convexity condition, it has been proved to enjoy a data-dependant $O(\sqrt{T})$ regret bound where $T$ is the time horizon. However, whether strong…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-05-09 Guanghui Wang , Shiyin Lu , Weiwei Tu , Lijun Zhang

Adaptive gradient methods have become popular in optimizing deep neural networks; recent examples include AdaGrad and Adam. Although Adam usually converges faster, variations of Adam, for instance, the AdaBelief algorithm, have been…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Kushal Chakrabarti , Nikhil Chopra

We provide a simple proof of convergence covering both the Adam and Adagrad adaptive optimization algorithms when applied to smooth (possibly non-convex) objective functions with bounded gradients. We show that in expectation, the squared…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-10-18 Alexandre Défossez , Léon Bottou , Francis Bach , Nicolas Usunier

We make contributions towards improving adaptive-optimizer performance. Our improvements are based on suppression of the range of adaptive stepsizes in the AdaBelief optimizer. Firstly, we show that the particular placement of the parameter…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-25 Guoqiang Zhang , Kenta Niwa , W. Bastiaan Kleijn

Since its invention in 2014, the Adam optimizer has received tremendous attention. On one hand, it has been widely used in deep learning and many variants have been proposed, while on the other hand their theoretical convergence property…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-08 Zhishuai Guo , Yi Xu , Wotao Yin , Rong Jin , Tianbao Yang

Although adaptive optimization algorithms such as Adam show fast convergence in many machine learning tasks, this paper identifies a problem of Adam by analyzing its performance in a simple non-convex synthetic problem, showing that Adam's…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-05-06 Wenjie Li , Zhaoyang Zhang , Xinjiang Wang , Ping Luo

We introduce Adam, an algorithm for first-order gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions, based on adaptive estimates of lower-order moments. The method is straightforward to implement, is computationally efficient, has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-01-31 Diederik P. Kingma , Jimmy Ba

In this paper, we focus on a theory-practice gap for Adam and its variants (AMSgrad, AdamNC, etc.). In practice, these algorithms are used with a constant first-order moment parameter $\beta_{1}$ (typically between $0.9$ and $0.99$). In…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-03-24 Ahmet Alacaoglu , Yura Malitsky , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Volkan Cevher

Adaptive first-order optimizers are fundamental tools in deep learning, although they may suffer from poor generalization due to the nonuniform gradient scaling. In this work, we propose AdamL, a novel variant of the Adam optimizer, that…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-12-27 Lu Xia , Stefano Massei

Existing analysis of AdaGrad and other adaptive methods for smooth convex optimization is typically for functions with bounded domain diameter. In unconstrained problems, previous works guarantee an asymptotic convergence rate without an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-05 Zijian Liu , Ta Duy Nguyen , Alina Ene , Huy L. Nguyen

In this paper, we propose a new, simplified high probability analysis of AdaGrad for smooth, non-convex problems. More specifically, we focus on a particular accelerated gradient (AGD) template (Lan, 2020), through which we recover the…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2022-04-07 Ali Kavis , Kfir Yehuda Levy , Volkan Cevher

Adam is one of the most popular optimization algorithms in deep learning. However, it is known that Adam does not converge in theory unless choosing a hyperparameter, i.e., $\beta_2$, in a problem-dependent manner. There have been many…

Universal online learning aims to achieve optimal regret guarantees without requiring prior knowledge of the curvature of online functions. Existing methods have established minimax-optimal regret bounds for universal online learning, where…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Peng Zhao , Yu-Hu Yan , Hang Yu , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Adam is one of the most influential adaptive stochastic algorithms for training deep neural networks, which has been pointed out to be divergent even in the simple convex setting via a few simple counterexamples. Many attempts, such as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-09 Congliang Chen , Li Shen , Fangyu Zou , Wei Liu

Optimization is essential in deep learning. The foundational method upon which most optimizers are built is momentum-based stochastic gradient descent. However, it suffers from two key drawbacks. First, it has noisy and varying gradients,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Saurabh Saini , Kapil Ahuja , Thomas Wick , Saurav Kumar

We provide a simple convergence proof for AdaGrad optimizing non-convex objectives under only affine noise variance and bounded smoothness assumptions. The proof is essentially based on a novel auxiliary function $\xi$ that helps eliminate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-29 Bohan Wang , Huishuai Zhang , Zhi-Ming Ma , Wei Chen

Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) is a cornerstone optimization algorithm in deep learning, widely recognized for its flexibility with adaptive learning rates and efficiency in handling large-scale data. However, despite its practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Ruinan Jin , Xiao Li , Yaoliang Yu , Baoxiang Wang

In this paper, we provide a rigorous proof of convergence of the Adaptive Moment Estimate (Adam) algorithm for a wide class of optimization objectives. Despite the popularity and efficiency of the Adam algorithm in training deep neural…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2023-11-08 Haochuan Li , Alexander Rakhlin , Ali Jadbabaie
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