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The quadratic complexity of attention imposes severe memory and computational bottlenecks on Large Language Model (LLM) inference. This challenge is particularly acute for emerging agentic applications that require processing multi-million…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Ceyu Xu , Jiangnan Yu , Yongji Wu , Yuan Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. These capabilities stem primarily from the self-attention mechanism, which enables modeling of long-range…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-05 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Shuhai Zhang , Zhijie Qiu , Tingyu Wu , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

Recently, attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models have shown high performance for end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) across several tasks. Addressing overconfidence in such models, in this paper we introduce the concept of…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-12-16 Timo Lohrenz , Patrick Schwarz , Zhengyang Li , Tim Fingscheidt

To mitigate the computational complexity in the self-attention mechanism on long sequences, linear attention utilizes computation tricks to achieve linear complexity, while state space models (SSMs) popularize a favorable practice of using…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-17 Zicheng Liu , Siyuan Li , Li Wang , Zedong Wang , Yunfan Liu , Stan Z. Li

Non-Local Attention (NLA) brings significant improvement for Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR) by leveraging intrinsic feature correlation in natural images. However, NLA gives noisy information large weights and consumes quadratic…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-03-11 Bin Xia , Yucheng Hang , Yapeng Tian , Wenming Yang , Qingmin Liao , Jie Zhou

In recent years, the attention mechanism contributes significantly to hypergraph based neural networks. However, these methods update the attention weights with the network propagating. That is to say, this type of attention mechanism is…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-10-26 Shuai Shao , Rui Xu , Yan-Jiang Wang , Weifeng Liu , Bao-Di Liu

Transformer-based models have emerged as one of the most widely used architectures for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation. The size of the state-of-the-art models has increased steadily reaching…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Rya Sanovar , Srikant Bharadwaj , Renee St. Amant , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan

Sparsifying the Transformer has garnered considerable interest, as training the Transformer is very computationally demanding. Prior efforts to sparsify the Transformer have either used a fixed pattern or data-driven approach to reduce the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-25 Bokyeong Yoon , Yoonsang Han , Gordon Euhyun Moon

This paper introduces Exact Linear Attention (ELA), a mechanism that achieves linear computational complexity for Transformer attention by exploiting the exact decomposition property of kernel functions, thereby eliminating approximation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Weinuo Ou

The quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformer models remains a significant bottleneck for processing long sequences and deploying large language models efficiently. For this approach, there has been significant research into…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Spandan Pratyush

Transformer has achieved great success in NLP. However, the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism in Transformer makes it inefficient in handling long sequences. Many existing works explore to accelerate Transformers by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-03 Chuhan Wu , Fangzhao Wu , Tao Qi , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

Visual attention mechanisms are widely used in multimodal tasks, as visual question answering (VQA). One drawback of softmax-based attention mechanisms is that they assign some probability mass to all image regions, regardless of their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-07-09 Pedro Henrique Martins , Vlad Niculae , Zita Marinho , André Martins

Large language models (LLMs) now support extremely long context windows, but the quadratic complexity of vanilla attention results in significantly long Time-to-First-Token (TTFT) latency. Existing approaches to address this complexity…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-04 Qianchao Zhu , Jiangfei Duan , Chang Chen , Siran Liu , Guanyu Feng , Xin Lv , Xiao Chuanfu , Dahua Lin , Chao Yang

The softmax content-based attention mechanism has proven to be very beneficial in many applications of recurrent neural networks. Nevertheless it suffers from two major computational limitations. First, its computations for an attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-09-20 Alexandre de Brébisson , Pascal Vincent

Recent advances in large language models highlighted the excessive quadratic cost of self-attention. Despite the significant research efforts, subquadratic attention methods still suffer from inferior performance in practice. We hypothesize…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-02 Piotr Piękos , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

The transformer architecture is widely used in machine learning models and consists of two alternating sublayers: attention heads and MLPs. We prove that an MLP neuron can be implemented by a masked attention head with internal dimension 1…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-18 Robert Huben , Valerie Morris

Linear attention mitigates the quadratic complexity of softmax attention but suffers from a critical loss of expressiveness. We identify two primary causes: (1) The normalization operation cancels the query norm, which breaks the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Weikang Meng , Yadan Luo , Liangyu Huo , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Xin Li , Zheng Zhang

Gated Linear Units (GLU) have shown great potential in enhancing neural network performance. In this paper, I introduce a novel attention mechanism called GLU Attention, which introduces nonlinearity into the values of Attention. My…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Zehao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have numerous real-life applications across various domains, such as natural language translation, sentiment analysis, language modeling, chatbots and conversational agents, creative writing, text…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Yeqi Gao , Zhao Song , Junze Yin

Large transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results in numerous natural language processing tasks. Among the pivotal components of the transformer architecture, the attention mechanism plays a crucial role in capturing token…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Yichuan Deng , Zhao Song , Kaijun Yuan , Tianyi Zhou