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Planets are born from disks of gas and dust, and observations of protoplanetary disks are used to constrain the initial conditions of planet formation. However, dust mass measurements of Class II disks with ALMA have called into question…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-10-27 Gijs D. Mulders , Ilaria Pascucci , Fred J. Ciesla , Rachel B. Fernandes

Planet formation models rely on knowledge of the physical conditions and evolutionary processes in protoplanetary disks, in particular the grain size distribution and dust growth timescales. In theoretical models, several barriers exist…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-01-26 Nienke van der Marel , Paola Pinilla

When and how planets form in protoplanetary disks is still a topic of discussion. Exoplanet detection surveys and protoplanetary disk surveys are now providing results that allow us to have new insights. We collect the masses of confirmed…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-10-17 C. F. Manara , A. Morbidelli , T. Guillot

We study the dependence of protoplanetary disk evolution on stellar mass using a large sample of young stellar objects in nearby young star-forming regions. We update the protoplanetary disk fractions presented in our recent work (paper I…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-08-08 Álvaro Ribas , Hervé Bouy , Bruno Merín

The connection between the nature of a protoplanetary disk and that of a debris disk is not well understood. Dust evolution, planet formation, and disk dissipation likely play a role in the processes involved. We aim to reconcile both…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-11-17 Arnaud Michel , Nienke van der Marel , Brenda Matthews

The potential for planet formation of a circumstellar disk depends on the dust and gas reservoirs, which evolve as a function of the disk age. The ALMA Large Program AGE-PRO has measured several disk properties across three star-forming…

The mass of protoplanetary disks is arguably one of their most important quantities shaping their evolution toward planetary systems, but it remains a challenge to determine this quantity. Using the high spatial resolution now available on…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-01-19 Riccardo Franceschi , Tilman Birnstiel , Thomas Henning , Paola Pinilla , Dmitry Semenov , Apostolos Zormpas

The disks that orbit young stars are the essential conduits and reservoirs of material for star and planet formation. Their structures, meaning the spatial variations of the disk physical conditions, reflect the underlying mechanisms that…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-11-11 Sean M. Andrews

Understanding how dust evolves in protoplanetary disks is crucial to constraining the initial conditions of planet formation. The apparent "mass budget problem", which stems from the comparison of the observed disk masses to the ones…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-04-23 Sofia Savvidou

The observed dust rings and gaps in protoplanetary disks could be imprints of forming planets. Even low-mass planets in the one-to-ten Earth-mass regime, that do not yet carve deep gas gaps, can generate such dust rings and gaps by driving…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-12-04 Ayumu Kuwahara , Michiel Lambrechts , Hiroyuki Kurokawa , Satoshi Okuzumi , Takayuki Tanigawa

Recent ALMA observations have identified a variety of dust gaps in protoplanetary disks, which are commonly interpreted to be generated by unobserved planets. Predicting mass of such embedded planets is of fundamental importance in…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-01-05 Shijie Wang , Kazuhiro D. Kanagawa , Yasushi Suto

Context.Transition disks are believed to be the final stages of protoplanetary disks, during which a forming planetary system or photoevaporation processes open a gap in the inner disk, drastically changing the disk structure. From…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2012-09-17 P. Pinilla , M. Benisty , T. Birnstiel

ALMA surveys have suggested that protoplanetary disks are not massive enough to form the known exoplanet population, under the assumption that the millimeter continuum emission is optically thin. In this work, we investigate how the mass…

Substructures are ubiquitous in high resolution (sub-)millimeter continuum observations of circumstellar disks. They are possibly caused by forming planets embedded in the disk. To investigate the relation between observed substructures and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-07-19 Fabian Binkert , Judit Szulágyi , Til Birnstiel

Our understanding of protoplanetary disks has greatly improved over the last decade due to a wealth of data from new facilities. Unbiased dust surveys with Spitzer leave us with good constraints on the dust dispersal timescale of small…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-12-04 Inga Kamp , Stefano Antonellini , Andres Carmona , John Ilee , Christian Rab

The inferred dust masses from Class II protoplanetary disk observations are lower than or equal to the masses of the observed exoplanet systems. This poses the question of how planets form if their natal environments do not contain enough…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-01-29 Sofia Savvidou , Bertram Bitsch

The radial velocities and direct imaging observations of exoplanets have suggested that the frequency of giant planets may decrease for intermediate-mass stars ($2.5-8\,M_\odot$). The key mechanism that could hinder their formation remains…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-06-22 Paola Pinilla , Antonio Garufi , Matías Gárate

Recent surveys have revealed that protoplanetary discs typically have dust masses that appear to be insufficient to account for the high occurrence rate of exoplanet systems. We demonstrate that this observed dust depletion is consistent…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-09-30 Johan Appelgren , Michiel Lambrechts , Anders Johansen

The growth of dust grains in protoplanetary disks is a necessary first step towards planet formation. This growth has been inferred via observations of thermal dust emission towards mature protoplanetary systems (age >2 million years) with…

The tidal perturbation of embedded protoplanets on their natal disks has been widely attributed to be the cause of gap-ring structures in sub-mm images of protoplanetary disks around T Tauri stars. Numerical simulations of this process have…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-12-08 Yi-Xian Chen , Zhuoxiao Wang , Ya-Ping Li , Clément Baruteau , Douglas N. C. Lin
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