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Interior to the gaseous envelopes of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, there are high-density cores with masses larger than 10 Earth masses. According to the conventional sequential accretion hypothesis, such massive cores are needed for the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-19 Shu Lin Li , C. B. Agnor , D. N. C. Lin

The final stage in the formation of terrestrial planets consists of the accumulation of ~1000-km ``planetary embryos'' and a swarm of billions of 1-10 km ``planetesimals.'' During this process, water-rich material is accreted by the…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 Sean N. Raymond , Thomas Quinn , Jonathan I. Lunine

Observations of the population of cold Jupiter planets ($r>$1 AU) show that nearly all of these planets orbit their host star on eccentric orbits. For planets up to a few Jupiter masses, eccentric orbits are thought to be the outcome of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-11-04 Bertram Bitsch , Trifon Trifonov , Andre Izidoro

We investigate the formation of terrestrial planets in the late stage of planetary formation using two-planet model. At that time, the protostar has formed for about 3 Myr and the gas disk has dissipated. In the model, the perturbations…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2010-04-09 Ji Jianghui , Zhang Niu

The core accretion mechanism is presently the most widely accepted cause of the formation of giant planets. For simplicity, most models presently assume that the growth of planetary embryos occurs in isolation. We explore how the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-19 O. M. Guilera , A. Brunini , O. G. Benvenuto

The terrestrial planets are believed to have formed by violent collisions of tens of lunar- to Mars-size protoplanets at time t<200 Myr after the protoplanetary gas disk dispersal (t_0). The solar system giant planets rapidly formed during…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-01-13 David Nesvorny , Fernando V. Roig , Rogerio Deienno

The process leading to the formation of the terrestrial planet remains elusive. In a previous publication, we have shown that, if the first generation of planetesimals forms in a ring at about 1 AU and the gas disk's density peaks at the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-04-29 J. M. Y. Woo , D. Nesvorny , J. Scora , A. Morbidelli

Advances in computing power and numerical methodologies over the past several decades sparked a prolific output of dynamical investigations of the late stages of terrestrial planet formation. Among other peculiar inner solar system…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-10-12 Matthew S. Clement , Rogerio Deienno , Andre Izidoro

Planetesimal accretion is a key source for heavy-element enrichment in giant planets. It has been suggested that Jupiter's enriched envelope is a result of planetesimal accretion during its growth assuming it formed in a massive…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-12-21 Sho Shibata , Ravit Helled , Hiroshi Kobayashi

We present the results of hydrodynamic simulations of the formation and subsequent orbital evolution of giant planets embedded in a circumbinary disc. We assume that a 20 earth masses core has migrated to the edge of the inner cavity formed…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Arnaud Pierens , Richard P. Nelson

In a recent paper we proposed that the giant planets' primordial orbits may have been eccentric (~0.05), and used a suite of dynamical simulations to show outcomes of the giant planet instability that are consistent with their present-day…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-06-09 Matthew S. Clement , Rogerio Deienno , Nathan A. Kaib , Andre Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond , John E. Chambers

Migration of planetesimals from the feeding zone of the terrestrial planets, which was divided into seven regions depending on the distance to the Sun, was simulated. The influence of gravity of all planets was taken into account. In some…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-03-26 S. I. Ipatov

During the late stage of planet formation when Mars-size cores appear, interactions among planetary cores can excite their orbital eccentricities, speed their merges and thus sculpture the final architecture of planet systems. This series…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-03-13 Huigen Liu , Ji-lin Zhou , S. Wang

The origins of Uranus and Neptune are not fully understood. Their inclined rotation axes -- obliquities -- suggest that they experienced giant impacts during their formation histories. Simulations modeling their accretion from giant impacts…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-12-05 Leandro Esteves , André Izidoro , Othon C. Winter

The composition of giant planets' atmospheres is an important tracer of their formation history. While many theoretical studies investigate the heavy-element accretion within a gaseous protoplanetary disk, the possibility of solid accretion…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-07-17 S. Shibata , R. Helled

Remnant planetesimals might have played an important role in reducing the orbital eccentricities of the terrestrial planets after their formation via giant impacts. However, the population and the size distribution of remnant planetesimals…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Ryuji Morishima , Max W. Schmidt , Joachim Stadel , Ben Moore

We have investigated Saturn's core formation at a radial pressure maximum in a protoplanetary disk, which is created by gap opening by Jupiter. A core formed via planetesimal accretion induces the fragmentation of surrounding planetesimals,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-05 Hiroshi Kobayashi , Chris W. Ormel , Shigeru Ida

Modern terrestrial planet formation models are highly successful at consistently generating planets with masses and orbits analogous to those of Earth and Venus. In stark contrast to classic theoretical predictions and inferred demographics…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-06-23 Matthew S. Clement , John E. Chambers

The formation of the four terrestrial planets of the solar system is one of the most fundamental problems in the planetary sciences. However, the formation of Mercury remains poorly understood. We investigated terrestrial planet formation…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-04-05 Patryk Sofia Lykawka , Takashi Ito

Dynamical models of planet formation coupled with cosmochemical data from martian meteorites show that Mars' isotopic composition is distinct from that of Earth. Reconciliation of formation models with meteorite data require that Mars grew…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-09-12 Jason Man Yin Woo , Ramon Brasser , Soko Matsumura , Stephen J. Mojzsis , Shigeru Ida