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Despite significant progress over the past few years, ambiguity is still a key challenge in Facial Expression Recognition (FER). It can lead to noisy and inconsistent annotation, which hinders the performance of deep learning models in…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-09-22 Nhat Le , Khanh Nguyen , Quang Tran , Erman Tjiputra , Bac Le , Anh Nguyen

Due to the subjective crowdsourcing annotations and the inherent inter-class similarity of facial expressions, the real-world Facial Expression Recognition (FER) datasets usually exhibit ambiguous annotation. To simplify the learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Weijie Wang , Bo Li , Nicu Sebe , Bruno Lepri

Automatically recognizing emotional intent using facial expression has been a thoroughly investigated topic in the realm of computer vision. Facial Expression Recognition (FER), being a supervised learning task, relies heavily on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Syed Sameen Ahmad Rizvi , Aryan Seth , Pratik Narang

Multimodal multi-label emotion recognition (MMER) aims to identify the concurrent presence of multiple emotions in multimodal data. Existing studies primarily focus on improving fusion strategies and modeling modality-to-label dependencies.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Jingwang Huang , Jiang Zhong , Qin Lei , Jinpeng Gao , Yuming Yang , Sirui Wang , Peiguang Li , Kaiwen Wei

The performance of a computer vision model depends on the size and quality of its training data. Recent studies have unveiled previously-unknown composition biases in common image datasets which then lead to skewed model outputs, and have…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-08-20 Yunliang Chen , Jungseock Joo

Speech Emotion Recognition models typically use single categorical labels, overlooking the inherent ambiguity of human emotions. Ambiguous Emotion Recognition addresses this by representing emotions as probability distributions, but…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-01-22 Wenda Zhang , Hongyu Jin , Siyi Wang , Zhiqiang Wei , Ting Dang

Deep learning-based edge detectors heavily rely on pixel-wise labels which are often provided by multiple annotators. Existing methods fuse multiple annotations using a simple voting process, ignoring the inherent ambiguity of edges and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-22 Caixia Zhou , Yaping Huang , Mengyang Pu , Qingji Guan , Li Huang , Haibin Ling

Annotation ambiguity caused by the inherent subjectivity of visual judgment has always been a major challenge for Facial Expression Recognition (FER) tasks, particularly for largescale datasets from in-the-wild scenarios. A potential…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Hanwei Liu , Huiling Cai , Qingcheng Lin , Xuefeng Li , Hui Xiao

The subjective perception of emotion leads to inconsistent labels from human annotators. Typically, utterances lacking majority-agreed labels are excluded when training an emotion classifier, which cause problems when encountering ambiguous…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-14 Wen Wu , Bo Li , Chao Zhang , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Qiujia Li , Junwen Bai , Tara N. Sainath , Philip C. Woodland

Human emotions can be inferred from facial expressions. However, the annotations of facial expressions are often highly noisy in common emotion coding models, including categorical and dimensional ones. To reduce human labelling effort on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-11-25 Siwei Zhang , Zhiwu Huang , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool

Dynamic facial expression recognition (DFER) is a task that estimates emotions from facial expression video sequences. For practical applications, accurately recognizing ambiguous facial expressions -- frequently encountered in in-the-wild…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Ryosuke Kawamura , Hideaki Hayashi , Shunsuke Otake , Noriko Takemura , Hajime Nagahara

Facial expression recognition (FER) plays a significant role in our daily life. However, annotation ambiguity in the datasets could greatly hinder the performance. In this paper, we address FER task via label distribution learning paradigm,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-25 Shu Liu , Yan Xu , Tongming Wan , Xiaoyan Kui

Emotion recognition is inherently ambiguous, with uncertainty arising both from rater disagreement and from discrepancies across modalities such as speech and text. There is growing interest in modeling rater ambiguity using label…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-01-27 Jingyao Wu , Grace Lin , Yinuo Song , Rosalind Picard

The domain diversities including inconsistent annotation and varied image collection conditions inevitably exist among different facial expression recognition (FER) datasets, which pose an evident challenge for adapting the FER model…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-03-19 Kai Wang , Yuxin Gu , Xiaojiang Peng , Panpan Zhang , Baigui Sun , Hao Li

To train machine learning algorithms to predict emotional expressions in terms of arousal and valence, annotated datasets are needed. However, as different people perceive others' emotional expressions differently, their annotations are…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-06-14 Navin Raj Prabhu , Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock , Timo Gerkman

Dynamic facial expression recognition (DFER) is an important task in the field of computer vision. To apply automatic DFER in practice, it is necessary to accurately recognize ambiguous facial expressions, which often appear in data in the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Ryosuke Kawamura , Hideaki Hayashi , Noriko Takemura , Hajime Nagahara

Facial expression recognition (FER) remains a challenging task due to label ambiguity caused by the subjective nature of facial expressions and noisy samples. Additionally, class imbalance, which is common in real-world datasets, further…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 JunGyu Lee , Yeji Choi , Haksub Kim , Ig-Jae Kim , Gi Pyo Nam

Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition(DFER) is a rapidly evolving field of research that focuses on the recognition of time-series facial expressions. While previous research on DFER has concentrated on feature learning from a deep learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-11 Feng Liu , Lingna Gu , Chen Shi , Xiaolan Fu

Facial analysis models are increasingly applied in real-world applications that have significant impact on peoples' lives. However, as literature has shown, models that automatically classify facial attributes might exhibit algorithmic…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-06-15 Camila Kolling , Victor Araujo , Adriano Veloso , Soraia Raupp Musse

Human-generated categorical annotations frequently produce empirical response distributions (soft labels) that reflect ambiguity rather than simple annotator error. We introduce an ambiguity measure that maps a discrete response…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Christopher Klugmann , Daniel Kondermann
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