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The last two decades have seen the number of known exoplanets increase from a small handful to nearly 2000 known exoplanets, thousands more planet candidates, and several upcoming missions that are expected to further increase the…

科普物理 · 物理学 2016-04-01 Michael B. Lund

For centuries, humanity wondered if there were other worlds like ours in the Universe. For about a quarter of a century, we have known that planetary systems exist around other stars, and more than 3800 exoplanetary systems have been…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-01-10 Bárbara Rojas-Ayala

Is there any hope for us to draw a plausible picture of the future of exoplanet research? Here we extrapolate from the first 25 years of exoplanet discovery into the year 2050. If the power law for the cumulative exoplanet count continues,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-12-02 René Heller , László Kiss

Just fourteen years ago the Solar System represented the only known planetary system in the Galaxy, and conceptions of planet formation were shaped by this sample of one. Since then, 320 planets have been discovered orbiting 276 individual…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-13 John A. Johnson

Nearly 30 years after the discovery of the first exoplanet around a main sequence star, thousands of planets have now been confirmed. These discoveries have completely revolutionized our understanding of planetary systems, revealing types…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-04-25 Bradford J. Foley

The hundreds of exoplanets that have been discovered in the past two decades offer a new perspective on planetary structure. Instead of being the archetypal examples of planets, those of our Solar System are merely possible outcomes of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-18 David S. Spiegel , Jonathan J. Fortney , Christophe Sotin

Thousands of exoplanets have been discovered and the search for life outside Earth is at the forefront of astrophysical research. The planets we observe show a mind-blowing diversity that current theories strive to explain as part of the…

科普物理 · 物理学 2020-03-18 Barbara Ercolano

Started approximately in the late 1980s, exoplanetology has up to now unveiled the main gross bulk characteristics of planets and planetary systems. In the future it will benefit from more and more large telescopes and advanced space…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-02-06 Jean Schneider

Exoplanets, or planets outside our own solar system, have long been of interest to astronomers; however, only in the past two decades have scientists had the technology to characterize and study planets so far away from us. With advanced…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-05-09 Jason Wei

Over the past several decades, thousands of planets have been discovered outside of our Solar System. These planets exhibit enormous diversity, and their large numbers provide a statistical opportunity to place our Solar System within the…

As a direct result of ongoing efforts to detect more exoplanetary systems, an ever-increasing number of multiple-planet systems are being announced. But how many of these systems are truly what they seem? In many cases, such systems are…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2013-02-22 Jonathan Horner , Robert A. Wittenmyer , Chris G. Tinney , Paul Robertson , Tobias C. Hinse , Jonathan P. Marshall

This article relates two topics of central importance in modern astronomy - the discovery some fifteen years ago of the first planets around other stars (exoplanets), and the centuries-old problem of understanding the origin of our own…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2011-11-08 Michael Perryman

Two decades ago, astronomers began detecting planets orbiting stars other than our Sun, so-called exoplanets. Since that time, the rate of detections and the sensitivity to ever-smaller planets has improved dramatically with several…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2014-05-08 David M. Kipping

As of 2025, over 6000 planets are known to orbit stars other than our Sun. We can measure their sizes and orbital periods, infer their masses and temperatures, and constrain their compositions. Based on these data, about 1% of extrasolar…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2025-10-13 Floris van der Tak

Over 300 extrasolar planets (exoplanets) have been detected orbiting nearby stars. We now hope to conduct a census of all planets around nearby stars and to characterize their atmospheres and surfaces with spectroscopy. Rocky planets within…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2009-11-17 J. Kasting , W. Traub , A. Roberge , A. Leger , A. Schwartz , A. Wooten , A. Vosteen , A. Lo , A. Brack , A. Tanner , A. Coustenis , B. Lane , B. Oppenheimer , B. Mennesson , B. Lopez , C. Grillmair , C. Beichman , C. Cockell , C. Hanot , C. McCarthy , C. Stark , C. Marois , C. Aime , D. Angerhausen , D. Montes , D. Wilner , D. Defrere , D. Mourard , D. Lin , E. Kite , E. Chassefiere , F. Malbet , F. Tian , F. Westall , G. Illingworth , G. Vasisht , G. Serabyn , G. Marcy , G. Bryden , G. White , G. Laughlin , G. Torres , H. Hammel , H. Ferguson , H. Shibai , H. Rottgering , J. Surdej , J. Wiseman , J. Ge , J. Bally , J. Krist , J. Monnier , J. Trauger , J. Horner , J. Catanzarite , J. Harrington , J. Nishikawa , K. Stapelfeldt , K. von Braun , K. Biazzo , K. Carpenter , K. Balasubramanian , L. Kaltenegger , M. Postman , M. Spaans , M. Turnbull , M. Levine , M. Burchell , M. Ealey , M. Kuchner , M. Marley , M. Dominik , M. Mountain , M. Kenworthy , M. Muterspaugh , M. Shao , M. Zhao , M. Tamura , N. Kasdin , N. Haghighipour , N. Kiang , N. Elias , N. Woolf , N. Mason , O. Absil , O. Guyon , O. Lay , P. Borde , P. Fouque , P. Kalas , P. Lowrance , P. Plavchan , P. Hinz , P. Kervella , P. Chen , R. Akeson , R. Soummer , R. Waters , R. Barry , R. Kendrick , R. Brown , R. Vanderbei , R. Woodruff , R. Danner , R. Allen , R. Polidan , S. Seager , S. MacPhee , S. Hosseini , S. Metchev , S. Kafka , S. Ridgway , S. Rinehart , S. Unwin , S. Shaklan , T. ten Brummelaar , T. Mazeh , V. Meadows , W. Weiss , W. Danchi , W. Ip , Y. Rabbia

We have recently hit the milestone of 5,000 exoplanets discovered. In stark contrast with the Solar System, most of the exoplanets we know to date orbit extremely close to their host stars, causing them to lose copious amounts of gas…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-11-30 Leonardo A. Dos Santos

It has previously been suggested that the rate of exoplanet discovery, doubling roughly every 39 months, is indicative of a runaway increase in the number of exoplanets in our galaxy. In this paper, we posit that - due to the finite nature…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-04-01 John A Paice , Jack J|C Watkins

The number of extrasolar planets discovered is increasing, so that more than five thousand exoplanets have been confirmed to date. Now we have an opportunity to test the validity of the laws governing planetary systems and take steps to…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-02-29 Mahdiyar Mousavi-Sadr

Thousands of extrasolar planets have been discovered, and it is clear that the galactic planetary census draws on a diversity greatly exceeding that exhibited by the solar system's planets. We review significant landmarks in the chronology…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-09-22 Gregory Laughlin , Jack J. Lissauer

The discovery of exoplanets has both focused and expanded the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. The consideration of Earth as an exoplanet, the knowledge of the orbital parameters of individual exoplanets, and our new understanding…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-02-06 Jason T. Wright
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