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Typical quantum gate tomography protocols struggle with a self-consistency problem: the gate operation cannot be reconstructed without knowledge of the initial state and final measurement, but such knowledge cannot be obtained without…

When modeling the effects of noise on quantum circuits, one often makes the assumption that these effects can be accounted for by individual decoherence events following an otherwise noise-free gate. In this work, we address the validity of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-12-19 Keith R. Fratus , Juha Leppäkangas , Michael Marthaler , Jan-Michael Reiner

We introduce unitary-gate randomized benchmarking (URB) for qudit gates by extending single-and multi-qubit URB to single- and multi-qudit gates. Specifically, we develop a qudit URB procedure that exploits unitary 2-designs. Furthermore,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-07-24 Mahnaz Jafarzadeh , Ya-Dong Wu , Yuval R. Sanders , Barry C. Sanders

We prove that local random quantum circuits acting on n qubits composed of O(t^{10} n^2) many nearest neighbor two-qubit gates form an approximate unitary t-design. Previously it was unknown whether random quantum circuits were a t-design…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-07-11 Fernando G. S. L. Brandao , Aram W. Harrow , Michal Horodecki

Quantum computers are poised to radically outperform their classical counterparts by manipulating coherent quantum systems. A realistic quantum computer will experience errors due to the environment and imperfect control. When these errors…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-11-21 Joel J. Wallman , Joseph Emerson

We formally study the effects of a restricted single-qubit noise model inspired by real quantum hardware, and corruption in quantum training data, on the performance of binary classification using quantum circuits. We find that, under the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-05-09 Yonghoon Lee , Doga Murat Kurkcuoglu , Gabriel Nathan Perdue

Unitary $t$-designs are `good' finite subsets of the unitary group $U(d)$ that approximate the whole unitary group $U(d)$ well. Unitary $t$-designs have been applied in randomized benchmarking, tomography, quantum cryptography and many…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-01-08 Eiichi Bannai , Mikio Nakahara , Da Zhao , Yan Zhu

Randomized benchmarking is routinely used as an efficient method for characterizing the performance of sets of elementary logic gates in small quantum devices. In the measurement-based model of quantum computation, logic gates are…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-09-05 Rafael N. Alexander , Peter S. Turner , Stephen D. Bartlett

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

Random quantum circuits are proficient information scramblers and efficient generators of randomness, rapidly approximating moments of the unitary group. We study the convergence of local random quantum circuits to unitary $k$-designs.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-05-31 Nicholas Hunter-Jones

We study efficient generations of random diagonal-unitary matrices, an ensemble of unitary matrices diagonal in a given basis with randomly distributed phases for their eigenvalues. Despite the simple algebraic structure, they cannot be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-01-31 Yoshifumi Nakata , Mio Murao

We numerically investigate the statement that local random quantum circuits acting on n qubits composed of polynomially many nearest neighbour two-qubit gates form an approximate unitary poly(n)-design [F.G.S.L. Brandao et al.,…

The performance of a given quantum error correction (QEC) code depends upon the noise model that is assumed. Independent Pauli noise, applied after each quantum operation, is a simplistic noise model that is easy to simulate and understand…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-04 Wayne M. Witzel , Anand Ganti , Tzvetan S. Metodi

Randomized benchmarking (RB) is an important protocol for robustly characterizing the error rates of quantum gates. The technique is typically applied to the Clifford gates since they form a group that satisfies a convenient technical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-05-26 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

The capacity to randomly pick a unitary across the whole unitary group is a powerful tool across physics and quantum information. A unitary $t$-design is designed to tackle this challenge in an efficient way, yet constructions to date rely…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-02-19 Rawad Mezher , Joe Ghalbouni , Joseph Dgheim , Damian Markham

Unitary t-designs are distributions on the unitary group whose first t moments appear maximally random. Previous work has established several upper bounds on the depths at which certain specific random quantum circuit ensembles approximate…

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

Random and uncontrollable noises from the environment during the design and measurement of superconducting qubits lead to limitations in qubit coherence time and gate fidelity, which is a major challenge in the current state of the art for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-09 Hamid Reza Naeij

The standard randomized benchmarking protocol requires access to often complex operations that are not always directly accessible. Compiler optimization does not always ensure equal sequence length of the directly accessible universal gates…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-05-09 Mohsen Mehrani , Kasra Masoudi , Rawad Mezher , Elham Kashefi , Debasis Sadhukhan

Quantum noise is a central challenge in quantum computing across many applications. Extensive work has examined how qubits couple to their environment, leading to decoherence and relaxation, which is irreversible. Current studies focus on…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-30 Yunos El Kaderi , Andreas Honecker , Iryna Andriyanova