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相关论文: A Critical Look at the Consistency of Causal Estim…

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Latent confounders are a fundamental challenge for inferring causal effects from observational data. The instrumental variable (IV) approach is a practical way to address this challenge. Existing IV based estimators need a known IV or other…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-09 Debo Cheng , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Ziqi Xu , Weijia Zhang , Jixue Liu , Thuc Duy Le

We study the problem of deriving policies, or rules, that when enacted on a complex system, cause a desired outcome. Absent the ability to perform controlled experiments, such rules have to be inferred from past observations of the system's…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-09 Kailash Budhathoki , Mario Boley , Jilles Vreeken

Inferring causal effects of continuous-valued treatments from observational data is a crucial task promising to better inform policy- and decision-makers. A critical assumption needed to identify these effects is that all confounding…

Identifying latent variables and the causal structure involving them is essential across various scientific fields. While many existing works fall under the category of constraint-based methods (with e.g. conditional independence or rank…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Ignavier Ng , Xinshuai Dong , Haoyue Dai , Biwei Huang , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Causal discovery from data affected by unobserved variables is an important but difficult problem to solve. The effects that unobserved variables have on the relationships between observed variables are more complex in nonlinear cases than…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-07 Takashi Nicholas Maeda , Shohei Shimizu

We present a class of inequality constraints on the set of distributions induced by local interventions on variables governed by a causal Bayesian network, in which some of the variables remain unmeasured. We derive bounds on causal effects…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2012-07-02 Changsung Kang , Jin Tian

Causal discovery aims to learn causal relationships between variables from targeted data, making it a fundamental task in machine learning. However, causal discovery algorithms often rely on unverifiable causal assumptions, which are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Huiyang Yi , Yanyan He , Duxin Chen , Mingyu Kang , He Wang , Wenwu Yu

Structural causal models postulate noisy functional relations among a set of interacting variables. The causal structure underlying each such model is naturally represented by a directed graph whose edges indicate for each variable which…

统计理论 · 数学 2022-03-15 David Strieder , Tobias Freidling , Stefan Haffner , Mathias Drton

Owing to the cross-pollination between causal discovery and deep learning, non-statistical data (e.g., images, text, etc.) encounters significant conflicts in terms of properties and methods with traditional causal data. To unify these data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-14 Hang Chen , Xinyu Yang , Qing Yang

We consider the the problem of identifying causal effects given a high-dimensional treatment vector in the presence of low-dimensional latent confounders. We assume a parametric structural causal model in which the outcome is permitted to…

统计理论 · 数学 2025-08-11 Yuhao Wang , Rajen Shah

Recent work has shown promising results in causal discovery by leveraging interventional data with gradient-based methods, even when the intervened variables are unknown. However, previous work assumes that the correspondence between…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-12 Gonçalo R. A. Faria , André F. T. Martins , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

Most modern probabilistic generative models, such as the variational autoencoder (VAE), have certain indeterminacies that are unresolvable even with an infinite amount of data. Different tasks tolerate different indeterminacies, however…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-03-06 Quanhan Xi , Benjamin Bloem-Reddy

Exogenous heterogeneity, for example, in the form of instrumental variables can help us learn a system's underlying causal structure and predict the outcome of unseen intervention experiments. In this paper, we consider linear models in…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-10-21 Niklas Pfister , Jonas Peters

The inaccessibility of controlled randomized trials due to inherent constraints in many fields of science has been a fundamental issue in causal inference. In this paper, we focus on distinguishing the cause from effect in the bivariate…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-02-23 Jean-Francois Ton , Dino Sejdinovic , Kenji Fukumizu

Adjusting for covariates is a well established method to estimate the total causal effect of an exposure variable on an outcome of interest. Depending on the causal structure of the mechanism under study there may be different adjustment…

统计理论 · 数学 2021-04-27 Jack Kuipers , Giusi Moffa

Much of scientific data is collected as randomized experiments intervening on some and observing other variables of interest. Quite often, a given phenomenon is investigated in several studies, and different sets of variables are involved…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2012-10-19 Antti Hyttinen , Frederick Eberhardt , Patrik O. Hoyer

How do we learn from biased data? Historical datasets often reflect historical prejudices; sensitive or protected attributes may affect the observed treatments and outcomes. Classification algorithms tasked with predicting outcomes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-12-04 David Madras , Elliot Creager , Toniann Pitassi , Richard Zemel

Addressing selection bias in latent variable causal discovery is important yet underexplored, largely due to a lack of suitable statistical tools: While various tools beyond basic conditional independencies have been developed to handle…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-15 Haoyue Dai , Yiwen Qiu , Ignavier Ng , Xinshuai Dong , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Our goal is to recover time-delayed latent causal variables and identify their relations from measured temporal data. Estimating causally-related latent variables from observations is particularly challenging as the latent variables are not…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-02-10 Weiran Yao , Yuewen Sun , Alex Ho , Changyin Sun , Kun Zhang

Causal effect estimation from observational data is one of the essential problems in causal inference. However, most estimation methods rely on the strong assumption that all confounders are observed, which is impractical and untestable in…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-02-14 Yubai Yuan , Annie Qu