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Iron- and steelmaking cause ~7% of the global CO2 emissions, due to the use of carbon for the reduction of iron ores. Replacing carbon by hydrogen as the reductant offers a pathway to reduce emissions. However, production of hydrogen using…
Fe- and steelmaking is the largest single industrial CO2 emitter, accounting for 6.5% of all CO2 emissions on the planet. This fact challenges the current technologies to achieve carbon-lean steel production and to align with the…
To reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by the steel industry, particularly for ironmaking, the production of DRI (Direct Reduced Iron) using hydrogen as the reducing gas instead of carbon monoxide is being considered. In this context,…
Fossil-free ironmaking is indispensable for reducing massive anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the steel industry. Hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) is among the most attractive solutions for green ironmaking, with high technology…
Steelmaking contributes 8% to the total CO2 emissions globally, primarily due to coal-based iron ore reduction. Clean hydrogen-based ironmaking has variable performance because the dominant gas-solid reduction mechanism is set by the…
In an effort to develop breakthrough technologies that enable drastic reduction in CO2 emissions from steel industry (ULCOS project), the reduction of iron ore by pure hydrogen in a direct reduction shaft furnace was investigated. After…
The reduction of iron ore with carbon-carriers is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the industry, motivating global activities to replace the coke-based blast furnace reduction by hydrogen-based direct reduction…
Direct reduction of iron using hydrogen-rich gas is rapidly emerging as a key strategy for green steel production. This process involves complex, multiscale phenomena, encompassing solid-state phase transformations and gas transport through…
Gas-solid reactions are cornerstones of many catalytic and redox processes that will underpin the energy and sustainability transition. The specific case of hydrogen-based iron oxide reduction is the foundation to render the global steel…
Hydrogen-based direct reduction offers a sustainable pathway to decarbonize the metal production industry. However, stable metal oxides, like Cr$_2$O$_3$, are notoriously difficult to reduce, requiring extremely high temperatures (above…
As a result of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), several countries committed to phasing down coal electricity as soon as possible, deactivating hundreds of power plants in the near future. CO$_2$-free electricity…
Hydrogen is key in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in materials production. At the same time, it significantly affects mechanical properties, often causing unwanted embrittlement. However, rather than solely addressing these…
Storing electrical energy for long periods and transporting it over long distances is an essential task of the necessary transition to a CO$_2$-free energy economy. An oxidation-reduction cycle based on iron and its oxides represents a very…
The scarcity of fossil fuels as carbon resources has motivated the steelmaking industry to search for new carbon sources such as end-of-life polymeric products. Using $\textit{ab initio}$ molecular dynamics simulation, we demonstrate that…
The reduction of ferromanganese ores into metallic feedstock is an energy-intensive process with substantial carbon emissions, necessitating sustainable alternatives. Hydrogen-based pre-reduction of manganese-rich ores offers a low-emission…
In this paper, we propose a concept to utilise Carbon-dioxide for Steel-Making and would like to name it after the first author as OSRAM-CO$_2$-SM process. We found in our lab experiments that the carbon content in high-carbon ferro-chrome…
Impacts may have had a significant effect on the atmospheric chemistry of the early Earth. Reduced phases in the impactor (e.g., metallic iron) can reduce the planet's H$_2$O inventory to produce massive atmospheres rich in H$_2$. Whilst…
The co-reduction of metal oxide mixtures using hydrogen as a reductant in conjunction with compaction and sintering of the evolving metallic blends offers a promising alternative toward sustainable alloy production through a single,…
A climate mitigation comprehensive solution is presented through the first high yield, low energy synthesis of macroscopic length carbon nanotubes (CNT) wool from CO2 by molten carbonate electrolysis, suitable for weaving into carbon…
Effective usage of renewable energy requires ways of storage and delivery to balance energy demand and availability divergences. Carbon-free chemical energy carriers are proposed solutions, converting clean electricity into stable media for…