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Backdoor attacks are a kind of emergent security threat in deep learning. After being injected with a backdoor, a deep neural model will behave normally on standard inputs but give adversary-specified predictions once the input contains…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-10-20 Yangyi Chen , Fanchao Qi , Hongcheng Gao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Text-to-image diffusion models have revolutionized generative AI, but their vulnerability to backdoor attacks poses significant security risks. Adversaries can inject imperceptible textual triggers into training data, causing models to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Ashwath Vaithinathan Aravindan , Abha Jha , Matthew Salaway , Atharva Sandeep Bhide , Duygu Nur Yaldiz

Generative language models have improved drastically, and can now produce realistic text outputs that are difficult to distinguish from human-written content. For malicious actors, these language models bring the promise of automating the…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2023-01-12 Josh A. Goldstein , Girish Sastry , Micah Musser , Renee DiResta , Matthew Gentzel , Katerina Sedova

Generative AI technology has become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, offering powerful capabilities to enhance productivity. However, these same capabilities can be exploited by adversaries for malicious purposes. While…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-17 Dayong Ye , Tianqing Zhu , Shang Wang , Bo Liu , Leo Yu Zhang , Wanlei Zhou , Yang Zhang

We consider the case where an adversary is conducting a surveillance campaign against a networked control system (NCS), and take the perspective of a defender/control system operator who has successfully isolated the cyber intruder. To…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-10-21 Travis Cuvelier , Sean Ha , Maretta Morovitz

Visually realistic GAN-generated images have recently emerged as an important misinformation threat. Research has shown that these synthetic images contain forensic traces that are readily identifiable by forensic detectors. Unfortunately,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-06-23 Xinwei Zhao , Matthew C. Stamm

As the complexity of modern systems increases, so does the importance of assessing their security posture through effective vulnerability management and threat modeling techniques. One powerful tool in the arsenal of cybersecurity…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Renascence Tarafder Prapty , Ashish Kundu , Arun Iyengar

This paper explores the possibility of using ChatGPT to develop advanced phishing attacks and automate their large-scale deployment. We make ChatGPT generate the following parts of a phishing attack: i) cloning a targeted website, ii)…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-09-20 Nils Begou , Jeremy Vinoy , Andrzej Duda , Maciej Korczynski

TITAN (Threat Intelligence Through Automated Navigation) is a framework that connects natural-language cyber threat queries with executable reasoning over a structured knowledge graph. It integrates a path planner model, which predicts…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Marco Simoni , Aleksandar Fontana , Andrea Saracino , Paolo Mori

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to help security analysts manage the surge of cyber threats, automating tasks from vulnerability assessment to incident response. Yet in operational CTI workflows, reliability gaps remain…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yuqiao Meng , Luoxi Tang , Feiyang Yu , Jinyuan Jia , Guanhua Yan , Ping Yang , Zhaohan Xi

To remain aware of the fast-evolving cyber threat landscape, open-source Cyber Threat Intelligence (OSCTI) has received growing attention from the community. Commonly, knowledge about threats is presented in a vast number of OSCTI reports.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-02 Peng Gao , Xiaoyuan Liu , Edward Choi , Bhavna Soman , Chinmaya Mishra , Kate Farris , Dawn Song

We define Oracle Poisoning, an attack class in which an adversary corrupts a structured knowledge graph that AI agents query at runtime via tool-use protocols, causing incorrect conclusions through correct reasoning. Unlike prompt…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Ben Kereopa-Yorke , Guillermo Diaz , Holly Wright , Reagan Johnston , Ron F. Del Rosario , Timothy Lynar

Cyber attacks have become a vital threat to connected autonomous vehicles in intelligent transportation systems. Cyber threat intelligence, as the collection of cyber threat information, provides an ideal approach for responding to emerging…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Yinghui Wang , Yilong Ren , Hongmao Qin , Zhiyong Cui , Yanan Zhao , Haiyang Yu

Textual backdoor attacks pose a practical threat to existing systems, as they can compromise the model by inserting imperceptible triggers into inputs and manipulating labels in the training dataset. With cutting-edge generative models such…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-05-01 Jiazhao Li , Yijin Yang , Zhuofeng Wu , V. G. Vinod Vydiswaran , Chaowei Xiao

The extraction of cyber threat intelligence (CTI) from open sources is a rapidly expanding defensive strategy that enhances the resilience of both Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) environments against large-scale…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-02-16 Prasasthy Balasubramanian , Sadaf Nazari , Danial Khosh Kholgh , Alireza Mahmoodi , Justin Seby , Panos Kostakos

The dawn of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI), characterized by advanced models such as Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT) and other Large Language Models (LLMs), has been pivotal in reshaping the field of data analysis,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-06 Shivani Metta , Isaac Chang , Jack Parker , Michael P. Roman , Arturo F. Ehuan

Modern infrastructures rely on software systems that remain vulnerable to cyberattacks. These attacks frequently exploit vulnerabilities documented in repositories such as MITRE's Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE). However, Cyber…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Refat Othman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where triggers embedded in poisoned samples can maliciously alter LLMs' behaviors. In this paper, we move beyond attacking LLMs and instead examine backdoor…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Huaizhi Ge , Yiming Li , Qifan Wang , Yongfeng Zhang , Ruixiang Tang

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has marked significant achievements in language processing and reasoning capabilities. Despite their advancements, LLMs face vulnerabilities to data poisoning attacks, where the adversary inserts…

Understanding the risks associated with an enterprise environment is the first step toward improving its security. Organizations employ various methods to assess and prioritize the risks identified in cyber threat intelligence (CTI) reports…