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Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization, a cornerstone for building robust machine learning models capable of handling data diverging from the training set's distribution, is an ongoing challenge in deep learning. While significant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-05 Sergey Kolesnikov

Although recent advances in machine learning have shown its success to learn from independent and identically distributed (IID) data, it is vulnerable to out-of-distribution (OOD) data in an open world. Domain generalization (DG) deals with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-14 Thai-Hoang Pham , Xueru Zhang , Ping Zhang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify test examples that do not belong to the training distribution and are thus unlikely to be predicted reliably. Despite a plethora of existing works, most of them focused only on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Reza Averly , Wei-Lun Chao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical to ensuring the reliability and safety of machine learning systems. For instance, in autonomous driving, we would like the driving system to issue an alert and hand over the control to humans…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-24 Jingkang Yang , Kaiyang Zhou , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalisation is considered a hallmark of human and animal intelligence. To achieve OOD through composition, a system must discover the environment-invariant properties of experienced input-output mappings and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 George Dimitriadis , Spyridon Samothrakis

Supervised learning aims to train a classifier under the assumption that training and test data are from the same distribution. To ease the above assumption, researchers have studied a more realistic setting: out-of-distribution (OOD)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Zhen Fang , Yixuan Li , Feng Liu , Bo Han , Jie Lu

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-17 Pietro Recalcati , Fabio Garcea , Luca Piano , Fabrizio Lamberti , Lia Morra

Machine learning methods must be trusted to make appropriate decisions in real-world environments, even when faced with out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Many current approaches simply aim to detect OOD examples and alert the user when an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-13 Randolph Linderman , Jingyang Zhang , Nathan Inkawhich , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the deployment of machine learning models in the open world. While existing OOD detectors are effective in identifying OOD samples that deviate significantly from in-distribution (ID) data,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Hao Fu , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami

This paper presents a novel evaluation framework for Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection that aims to assess the performance of machine learning models in more realistic settings. We observed that the real-world requirements for testing OOD…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-01 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Mohammad Sabokrou

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect test samples outside the training category space, which is an essential component in building reliable machine learning systems. Existing reviews on OOD detection primarily focus on method…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Shuo Lu , Yingsheng Wang , Lijun Sheng , Lingxiao He , Aihua Zheng , Jian Liang

With recent advancements in artificial intelligence, its applications can be seen in every aspect of humans' daily life. From voice assistants to mobile healthcare and autonomous driving, we rely on the performance of AI methods for many…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-28 Navid Ghassemi , Ehsan Fazl-Ersi

Deep network models perform excellently on In-Distribution (ID) data, but can significantly fail on Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) data. While developing methods focus on improving OOD generalization, few attention has been paid to evaluating…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-22 Rui Hu , Jitao Sang , Jinqiang Wang , Rui Hu , Chaoquan Jiang

Supervised learning aims to train a classifier under the assumption that training and test data are from the same distribution. To ease the above assumption, researchers have studied a more realistic setting: out-of-distribution (OOD)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-28 Zhen Fang , Yixuan Li , Jie Lu , Jiahua Dong , Bo Han , Feng Liu

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a fundamental challenge in the deployment of machine learning models. From a security standpoint, this is particularly important because OOD test data can result in misleadingly confident yet…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Onat Gungor , Amanda Sofie Rios , Nilesh Ahuja , Tajana Rosing

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is critical for machine learning models deployed in the real world. However, achieving this can be fundamentally challenging, as it requires the ability to learn invariant features across different…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Haoyue Bai , Yifei Ming , Julian Katz-Samuels , Yixuan Li

Out-of-domain (OOD) generalization is a significant challenge for machine learning models. Many techniques have been proposed to overcome this challenge, often focused on learning models with certain invariance properties. In this work, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-13 Yoav Wald , Amir Feder , Daniel Greenfeld , Uri Shalit

The ability to detect objects that are not prevalent in the training set is a critical capability in many 3D applications, including autonomous driving. Machine learning methods for object recognition often assume that all object categories…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-02 Zizhao Li , Xueyang Kang , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) instances is crucial for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in real-world scenarios. OOD inputs are commonly expected to cause a more uncertain prediction in the primary task; however,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-22 Mohammad Azizmalayeri , Ameen Abu-Hanna , Giovanni Cinà

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task in machine learning that seeks to identify abnormal samples. Traditionally, unsupervised methods utilize a deep generative model for OOD detection. However, such approaches require a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Alvin Heng , Alexandre H. Thiery , Harold Soh