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Text style transfer (TST) is the task of transforming a text to reflect a particular style while preserving its original content. Evaluating TST outputs is a multidimensional challenge, requiring the assessment of style transfer accuracy,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-24 Sourabrata Mukherjee , Atul Kr. Ojha , John P. McCrae , Ondrej Dusek

Although text style transfer has witnessed rapid development in recent years, there is as yet no established standard for evaluation, which is performed using several automatic metrics, lacking the possibility of always resorting to human…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-04-18 Huiyuan Lai , Jiali Mao , Antonio Toral , Malvina Nissim

Evaluating Text Style Transfer (TST) is a complex task due to its multifaceted nature. The quality of the generated text is measured based on challenging factors, such as style transfer accuracy, content preservation, and overall fluency.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-26 Phil Ostheimer , Mayank Nagda , Marius Kloft , Sophie Fellenz

The majority of NLG evaluation relies on automatic metrics, such as BLEU . In this paper, we motivate the need for novel, system- and data-independent automatic evaluation methods: We investigate a wide range of metrics, including…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2017-09-18 Jekaterina Novikova , Ondřej Dušek , Amanda Cercas Curry , Verena Rieser

A number of recent machine learning papers work with an automated style transfer for texts and, counter to intuition, demonstrate that there is no consensus formulation of this NLP task. Different researchers propose different algorithms,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-08-15 Alexey Tikhonov , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

Automatic metrics are fundamental for the development and evaluation of machine translation systems. Judging whether, and to what extent, automatic metrics concur with the gold standard of human evaluation is not a straightforward problem.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-06-15 Nitika Mathur , Timothy Baldwin , Trevor Cohn

This paper shows that standard assessment methodology for style transfer has several significant problems. First, the standard metrics for style accuracy and semantics preservation vary significantly on different re-runs. Therefore one has…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-15 Alexey Tikhonov , Viacheslav Shibaev , Aleksander Nagaev , Aigul Nugmanova , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

Style transfer is an important problem in natural language processing (NLP). However, the progress in language style transfer is lagged behind other domains, such as computer vision, mainly because of the lack of parallel data and principle…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2017-11-28 Zhenxin Fu , Xiaoye Tan , Nanyun Peng , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

While the field of style transfer (ST) has been growing rapidly, it has been hampered by a lack of standardized practices for automatic evaluation. In this paper, we evaluate leading ST automatic metrics on the oft-researched task of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-10-22 Eleftheria Briakou , Sweta Agrawal , Joel Tetreault , Marine Carpuat

Automatic evaluation of various text quality criteria produced by data-driven intelligent methods is very common and useful because it is cheap, fast, and usually yields repeatable results. In this paper, we present an attempt to automate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-06-08 Erion Çano , Ondřej Bojar

Despite notable advances in large language models (LLMs), reliable evaluation of text generation tasks such as text style transfer (TST) remains an open challenge. Existing research has shown that automatic metrics often correlate poorly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Vitaly Protasov , Nikolay Babakov , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Panchenko

The difficulty of textual style transfer lies in the lack of parallel corpora. Numerous advances have been proposed for the unsupervised generation. However, significant problems remain with the auto-evaluation of style transfer tasks.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-10-11 Richard Yuanzhe Pang

With the surge of large language models (LLMs) and their ability to produce customized output, style-personalized text generation--"write like me"--has become a rapidly growing area of interest. However, style personalization is highly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Anubhav Jangra , Bahareh Sarrafzadeh , Silviu Cucerzan , Adrian de Wynter , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

Work on instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) has used automatic methods based on text overlap and LLM judgments as cost-effective alternatives to human evaluation. In this paper, we perform a meta-evaluation of such methods and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-03 Ehsan Doostmohammadi , Oskar Holmström , Marco Kuhlmann

Research in the area of style transfer for text is currently bottlenecked by a lack of standard evaluation practices. This paper aims to alleviate this issue by experimentally identifying best practices with a Yelp sentiment dataset. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-04-05 Remi Mir , Bjarke Felbo , Nick Obradovich , Iyad Rahwan

Automatic methods and metrics that assess various quality criteria of automatically generated texts are important for developing NLG systems because they produce repeatable results and allow for a fast development cycle. We present here an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-06-25 Erion Çano , Ondřej Bojar

In most cases, the lack of parallel corpora makes it impossible to directly train supervised models for the text style transfer task. In this paper, we explore training algorithms that instead optimize reward functions that explicitly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-14 Yixin Liu , Graham Neubig , John Wieting

Automated metrics for Machine Translation have made significant progress, with the goal of replacing expensive and time-consuming human evaluations. These metrics are typically assessed by their correlation with human judgments, which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-31 Pius von Däniken , Jan Deriu , Mark Cieliebak

This paper reviews and summarizes human evaluation practices described in 97 style transfer papers with respect to three main evaluation aspects: style transfer, meaning preservation, and fluency. In principle, evaluations by human raters…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-10 Eleftheria Briakou , Sweta Agrawal , Ke Zhang , Joel Tetreault , Marine Carpuat

The paper surveys evaluation methods of natural language generation (NLG) systems that have been developed in the last few years. We group NLG evaluation methods into three categories: (1) human-centric evaluation metrics, (2) automatic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-19 Asli Celikyilmaz , Elizabeth Clark , Jianfeng Gao
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