相关论文: What are Elementary Particles? From Dark Energy to…

We revisit the concept of particles as it is used in special relativity. The presented model treats the energy-momentum relation of relativistic particles as the upper branch of a generalized energy-momentum relation of quasi particles.…

Almost all models of the universe start by assuming that matter fields can be modelled as dust. In the real universe, however, matter is clumped into dense objects that are separated by regions of space that are almost empty. If we are to…

The standard model of particle physics is marvelously successful. However, it is obviously not a complete or final theory. I shall argue here that the structure of the standard model gives some quite concrete, compelling hints regarding…

I discuss some simple aspects of the low-energy physics of a nontrivial scale invariant sector of an effective field theory -- physics that cannot be described in terms of particles. I argue that it is important to take seriously the…

Based on experimental discovery that the mass-square of neutrino is negative, a quantum equation for superluminal neutrino is proposed in comparison with Dirac equation and Dirac equation with imaginary mass. A virtual particle may also be…

We present an overview of the subject of Magnetic Particles, starting at a level suitable for advanced high-school students and ending at a level suitable for current practitioners in the field. The sub-topics covered include: Types of…

We speculate on some novel consequences possibly associated with a change of elementary particle constants with time. These concern the question as to whether particles reaching the earth from distant parts of the universe reflect their…

Quantum mechanics ordinarily describes particles as being pointlike, in the sense that the uncertainty $\Delta x$ can, in principle, be made arbitrarily small. It has been shown that suitable correction terms to the canonical commutation…

In physics we encounter particles in one of two ways. Either as fundamental constituents of the theory or as emergent excitations. These two ways differ by how the particle relates to the background. It either sits on the background, or it…

We explore the physics of a gas of particles interacting with a condensate that spontaneously breaks Lorentz invariance. The equation of state of this gas varies from 1/3 to less than -1 and can lead to the observed cosmic acceleration. The…

We describe both quantum particles and classical particles in terms of a classical statistical ensemble, characterized by a probability distribution in phase space. By use of a wave function in phase space both can be treated in the same…

Cosmological arguments proving that the universe is dominated by invisible non-baryonic matter are reviewed. Possible physical candidates for dark matter particles are discussed. A particular attention is paid to non-compensated remnants of…

The astronomical dark matter is an essential component of the Universe and yet its nature is still unresolved. It could be made of neutral and massive elementary particles which are their own antimatter partners. These dark matter species…

The inability to achieve in the present universe, via electromagnetic or gravitational acceleration, Planck energies for elementary particles is suggested on the basis of several, some relatively sophisticated, failed attempts. This failure…

The basic concepts of neutrino physics are presented at a level appropriate for integration into elementary courses on quantum mechanics and/or modern physics.

Quintessence - the energy density of a slowly evolving scalar field - may constitute a dynamical form of the homogeneous dark energy in the universe. We review the basic idea and indicate observational tests which may distinguish…

Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…

Postulating that spacetime is discrete, we assume that physical space is described by a 3-dimensional cubic lattice.The corresponding symmetry group of rotations has order 24 and motivates the introduction of a cubic shaped graph with 27…

Didactic heuristic arguments, based on the quantum mechanics of the vacuum and the structure of spacetime, are reviewed concerning particle creation from the vacuum by an electric field, vacuum radiation in an accelerated frame, black-hole…

Normally, in mathematics and physics, only point particle systems, which are either finite or countable, are studied. We introduce new formal mathematical object called regular continuum system of point particles (with continuum number of…