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The classical notion of causal effect identifiability is defined in terms of treatment and outcome variables. In this paper, we consider the identifiability of state-based causal effects: how an intervention on a particular state of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Yizuo Chen , Adnan Darwiche

The discovery of causal relationships is a fundamental problem in science and medicine. In recent years, many elegant approaches to discovering causal relationships between two variables from observational data have been proposed. However,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-06-22 Ciarán M. Lee , Christopher Hart , Jonathan G. Richens , Saurabh Johri

Causal discovery is a difficult problem that typically relies on strong assumptions on the data-generating model, such as non-Gaussianity. In practice, many modern applications provide multiple related views of the same system, which has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Ambroise Heurtebise , Omar Chehab , Pierre Ablin , Alexandre Gramfort , Aapo Hyvärinen

The common cause principle for two random variables $A$ and $B$ is examined in the case of causal insufficiency, when their common cause $C$ is known to exist, but only the joint probability of $A$ and $B$ is observed. As a result, $C$…

数据分析、统计与概率 · 物理学 2024-07-26 A. Hovhannisyan , A. E. Allahverdyan

Causal analysis has become an essential component in understanding the underlying causes of phenomena across various fields. Despite its significance, existing literature on causal discovery algorithms is fragmented, with inconsistent…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-09-05 Wenjin Niu , Zijun Gao , Liyan Song , Lingbo Li

The paper addresses the problem of finding the causal direction between two associated variables. The proposed solution is to build an autoencoder of their joint distribution and to maximize its estimation capacity relative to both the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-12-09 Matthias Feiler

In many fields of scientific research and real-world applications, unbiased estimation of causal effects from non-experimental data is crucial for understanding the mechanism underlying the data and for decision-making on effective…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-12-05 Debo Cheng , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Jixue Liu , Thuc Duy Le

Causal systems often exhibit variations of the underlying causal mechanisms between the variables of the system. Often, these changes are driven by different environments or internal states in which the system operates, and we refer to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-28 Wiebke Günther , Oana-Iuliana Popescu , Martin Rabel , Urmi Ninad , Andreas Gerhardus , Jakob Runge

Inferring causal relationships from observed data is an important task, yet it becomes challenging when the data is subject to various external interferences. Most of these interferences are the additional effects of external factors on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Ruichu Cai , Xiaokai Huang , Wei Chen , Zijian Li , Zhifeng Hao

Classical machine learning techniques often struggle with overfitting and unreliable predictions when exposed to novel conditions. Introducing causality into the modelling process offers a promising way to mitigate these challenges by…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 David Zapata Gonzalez , Marcel Meyer , Oliver Mueller

In this paper we present a comprehensive view of prominent causal discovery algorithms, categorized into two main categories (1) assuming acyclic and no latent variables, and (2) allowing both cycles and latent variables, along with…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2017-09-13 Karamjit Singh , Garima Gupta , Vartika Tewari , Gautam Shroff

Causal dependence modelling of multivariate extremes is intended to improve our understanding of the relationships amongst variables associated with rare events. Regular variation provides a standard framework in the study of extremes. This…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-02-20 Mario Krali

Constraint-based methods are one of the main approaches for causal structure learning that are particularly valued as they are asymptotically guaranteed to find a structure that is Markov equivalent to the causal graph of the system. On the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-24 Ehsan Mokhtarian , Sina Akbari , AmirEmad Ghassami , Negar Kiyavash

Observed associations in a database may be due in whole or part to variations in unrecorded (latent) variables. Identifying such variables and their causal relationships with one another is a principal goal in many scientific and practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2012-12-12 Ricardo Silva , Richard Scheines , Clark Glymour , Peter L. Spirtes

With the rapid development of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), they have been applied in numerous fields. However, research indicates that DNNs are susceptible to adversarial examples, and this is equally true in the multi-label domain. To…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-09-27 Yujiang Liu , Wenjian Luo , Zhijian Chen , Muhammad Luqman Naseem

An important task in data analysis is the discovery of causal relationships between observed variables. For continuous-valued data, linear acyclic causal models are commonly used to model the data-generating process, and the inference of…

Multilabel classification is a relatively recent subfield of machine learning. Unlike to the classical approach, where instances are labeled with only one category, in multilabel classification, an arbitrary number of categories is chosen…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2013-03-01 Alfonso E. Romero , Luis M. de Campos

We investigate the estimation of the causal effect of a treatment variable on an outcome in the presence of a latent confounder. We first show that the causal effect is identifiable under certain conditions when data is available from…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Yaroslav Kivva , Sina Akbari , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash

In recent years, many methods have been developed for detecting causal relationships in observational data. Some of them have the potential to tackle large data sets. However, these methods fail to discover a combined cause, i.e. a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2015-10-16 Saisai Ma , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Thuc Duy Le

Most causal discovery procedures assume that there are no latent confounders in the system, which is often violated in real-world problems. In this paper, we consider a challenging scenario for causal structure identification, where some…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-06 Biwei Huang , Charles Jia Han Low , Feng Xie , Clark Glymour , Kun Zhang