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Progress in AI is often demonstrated by new models claiming improved performance on tasks measuring model capabilities. Evaluating language models can be particularly challenging, as choices of how a model is evaluated on a task can lead to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-12 Yuling Gu , Oyvind Tafjord , Bailey Kuehl , Dany Haddad , Jesse Dodge , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly more powerful in their ability to complete complex tasks. One such task in which LLMs are often employed is scoring, i.e., assigning a numerical value from a certain…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-31 Henry J. Xie , Jinghan Zhang , Xinhao Zhang , Kunpeng Liu

Crafting quizzes from educational content is a pivotal activity that benefits both teachers and students by reinforcing learning and evaluating understanding. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to generate quizzes from Turkish…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-06 Kamyar Zeinalipour , Yusuf Gökberk Keptiğ , Marco Maggini , Marco Gori

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in applications that accept user-submitted content, such as uploaded documents or pasted text, for tasks like summarization and question answering. In this paper, we identify a new class of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-28 Zhuotao Lian , Weiyu Wang , Qingkui Zeng , Toru Nakanishi , Teruaki Kitasuka , Chunhua Su

Keeping in mind the necessity of intelligent system in educational sector, this paper proposes a text analysis based automated approach for automatic evaluation of the descriptive answers in an examination. In particular, the research…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-10 Vedant Bahel , Achamma Thomas

It is suggested to insert into test matrix 1s for correct responses, 0s for response refusals, and negative corrective elements for incorrect responses. With the classical test theory approach test scores of examinees and items are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2007-05-23 Kromer Victor

As software systems grow more complex, automated testing has become essential to ensuring reliability and performance. Traditional methods for boundary value test input generation can be time-consuming and may struggle to address all…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-01-27 Xiujing Guo , Chen Li , Tatsuhiro Tsuchiya

Context: An increasing demand is observed in various domains to employ Machine Learning (ML) for solving complex problems. ML models are implemented as software components and deployed in Machine Learning Software Systems (MLSSs). Problem:…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Pierre-Olivier Côté , Amin Nikanjam , Rached Bouchoucha , Ilan Basta , Mouna Abidi , Foutse Khomh

Reasoning is an important task for large language models (LLMs). Among all the reasoning paradigms, inductive reasoning is one of the fundamental types, which is characterized by its particular-to-general thinking process and the…

Recent studies provide large language models (LLMs) with textual task-solving experiences via prompts to improve their performance. However, previous methods rely on substantial human labor or time to gather such experiences for each task,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Jinglong Gao , Xiao Ding , Lingxiao Zou , Bibo Cai , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Do large language models (LLMs) genuinely understand the semantics of the language, or just memorize the training data? The recent concern on potential data contamination of LLMs has raised awareness of the community to conduct research on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-20 Yachuan Liu , Liang Chen , Jindong Wang , Qiaozhu Mei , Xing Xie

Most research in the area of automatic essay grading (AEG) is geared towards scoring the essay holistically while there has also been some work done on scoring individual essay traits. In this paper, we describe a way to score essays…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-02-02 Rahul Kumar , Sandeep Mathias , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Test-time adaptation enables large language models (LLMs) to modify their behavior at inference without updating model parameters. A common approach is many-shot prompting, where large numbers of in-context learning (ICL) examples are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Shubhangi Upasani , Chen Wu , Jay Rainton , Bo Li , Urmish Thakker , Changran Hu , Qizheng Zhang

Assessing writing in large classes for formal or informal learners presents a significant challenge. Consequently, most large classes, particularly in science, rely on objective assessment tools such as multiple-choice quizzes, which have a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-24 Chris Impey , Matthew Wenger , Nikhil Garuda , Shahriar Golchin , Sarah Stamer

Machine learning models for text classification are trained to predict a class for a given text. To do this, training and validation samples must be prepared: a set of texts is collected, and each text is assigned a class. These classes are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Aleksandr Tsymbalov , Mikhail Khovrichev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential for solving mathematical tasks. We show that LLMs can be utilized to generate proofs by induction for hardware verification and thereby replace some of the manual work done by Formal…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Romy Peled , Daniel Kroening , Michael Tautschnig , Yakir Vizel

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate plausible test code. Intuitively they generate this by imitating tests seen in their training data, rather than reasoning about execution semantics. However, such reasoning is important when…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-03-12 Philipp Straubinger , Marvin Kreis , Stephan Lukasczyk , Gordon Fraser

Individual feedback can help students improve their essay writing skills. However, the manual effort required to provide such feedback limits individualization in practice. Automatically-generated essay feedback may serve as an alternative…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-25 Maja Stahl , Leon Biermann , Andreas Nehring , Henning Wachsmuth

Developing an educational test can be expensive and time-consuming, as each item must be written by experts and then evaluated by collecting hundreds of student responses. Moreover, many tests require multiple distinct sets of questions…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-11 Eric Zelikman , Wanjing Anya Ma , Jasmine E. Tran , Diyi Yang , Jason D. Yeatman , Nick Haber

Intelligent Input Methods (IM) are essential for making text entries in many East Asian scripts, but their application to other languages has not been fully explored. This paper discusses how such tools can contribute to the development of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2007-05-23 Mike Tian-Jian Jiang , Deng Liu , Meng-Juei Hsieh , Wen-Lien Hsu