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The Adam optimizer, often used in Machine Learning for neural network training, corresponds to an underlying ordinary differential equation (ODE) in the limit of very small learning rates. This work shows that the classical Adam algorithm…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Abhinab Bhattacharjee , Andrey A. Popov , Arash Sarshar , Adrian Sandu

The Adam optimizer is widely used for transformer optimization in practice, which makes understanding the underlying optimization mechanisms an important problem. However, due to the Adam's complexity, theoretical analysis of how it…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Bingrui Li , Wei Huang , Andi Han , Zhanpeng Zhou , Taiji Suzuki , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Neural network optimization remains one of the most consequential yet poorly understood challenges in modern AI research, where improvements in training algorithms can lead to enhanced feature learning in foundation models,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Ansh Nagwekar

Solving a problem with a deep learning model requires researchers to optimize the loss function with a certain optimization method. The research community has developed more than a hundred different optimizers, yet there is scarce data on…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-03-08 Dmitry Pasechnyuk , Anton Prazdnichnykh , Mikhail Evtikhiev , Timofey Bryksin

Stochastic gradient-based descent (SGD), have long been central to training large language models (LLMs). However, their effectiveness is increasingly being questioned, particularly in large-scale applications where empirical evidence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-03 Di Zhang , Yihang Zhang

Beside the standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method, the Adam optimizer due to Kingma & Ba (2014) is currently probably the best-known optimization method for the training of deep neural networks in artificial intelligence (AI)…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-11-11 Steffen Dereich , Thang Do , Arnulf Jentzen , Philippe von Wurstemberger

A crucial component of machine learning algorithms is minimizing loss functions with less computational cost and less oscillations. While adaptive learning rate-based optimizers have been widely used for real-world tasks, they do not…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Sakshi Kumari , Shyam Kumar M , Sushmitha P

Adam is the de facto optimization algorithm for several deep learning applications, but an understanding of its implicit bias and how it differs from other algorithms, particularly standard first-order methods such as (stochastic) gradient…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Bhavya Vasudeva , Jung Whan Lee , Vatsal Sharan , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Machine learning algorithms aim to find patterns from observations, which may include some noise, especially in robotics domain. To perform well even with such noise, we expect them to be able to detect outliers and discard them when…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-04 Wendyam Eric Lionel Ilboudo , Taisuke Kobayashi , Kenji Sugimoto

The vast majority of modern deep learning models are trained with momentum-based first-order optimizers. The momentum term governs the optimizer's memory by determining how much each past gradient contributes to the current convergence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Kristi Topollai , Anna Choromanska

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are trained using stochastic gradient descent (SGD)-based optimizers. Recently, the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer has become very popular due to its adaptive momentum, which tackles the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 S. K. Roy , M. E. Paoletti , J. M. Haut , S. R. Dubey , P. Kar , A. Plaza , B. B. Chaudhuri

Adam is a popular and widely used adaptive gradient method in deep learning, which has also received tremendous focus in theoretical research. However, most existing theoretical work primarily analyzes its full-batch version, which differs…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Xuan Tang , Han Zhang , Yuan Cao , Difan Zou

Heavy ball momentum is crucial in accelerating (stochastic) gradient-based optimization algorithms for machine learning. Existing heavy ball momentum is usually weighted by a uniform hyperparameter, which relies on excessive tuning.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-19 Tao Sun , Huaming Ling , Zuoqiang Shi , Dongsheng Li , Bao Wang

The ADAM optimizer is exceedingly popular in the deep learning community. Often it works very well, sometimes it doesn't. Why? We interpret ADAM as a combination of two aspects: for each weight, the update direction is determined by the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-15 Lukas Balles , Philipp Hennig

Adam is applied widely to train neural networks. Different kinds of Adam methods with different features pop out. Recently two new adam optimizers, AdaBelief and Padam are introduced among the community. We analyze these two adam optimizers…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-10-05 Zhaoyang Zhu , Haozhe Sun , Chi Zhang

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has taken the stage as the primary workhorse for large-scale machine learning. It is often used with its adaptive variants such as AdaGrad, Adam, and AMSGrad. This paper proposes an adaptive stochastic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-01-01 Tianyi Chen , Ziye Guo , Yuejiao Sun , Wotao Yin

Due to its simplicity and outstanding ability to generalize, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is still the most widely used optimization method despite its slow convergence. Meanwhile, adaptive methods have attracted rising attention of…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2020-06-15 Xunpeng Huang , Runxin Xu , Hao Zhou , Zhe Wang , Zhengyang Liu , Lei Li

We introduce Velocity-Regularized Adam (VRAdam), a physics-inspired optimizer for training deep neural networks that draws on ideas from quartic terms for kinetic energy with its stabilizing effects on various system dynamics. Previous…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Pranav Vaidhyanathan , Lucas Schorling , Natalia Ares , Michael A. Osborne

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its many variants are the widespread optimization algorithms for training deep neural networks. However, SGD suffers from inevitable drawbacks, including vanishing gradients, lack of theoretical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-09 Zeinab Ebrahimi , Gustavo Batista , Mohammad Deghat

We propose a Regularized Adaptive Momentum Dual Averaging (RAMDA) algorithm for training structured neural networks. Similar to existing regularized adaptive methods, the subproblem for computing the update direction of RAMDA involves a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Zih-Syuan Huang , Ching-pei Lee