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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for reliable deployment of deep learning systems, yet the majority of existing methods are evaluated on small, visually homogeneous benchmarks. In this work, we study six OOD detection…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Devesh Shah

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, i.e., identifying whether an input is sampled from a novel distribution other than the training distribution, is a critical task for safely deploying machine learning systems in the open world. Recently,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-13 Feng Xue , Zi He , Chuanlong Xie , Falong Tan , Zhenguo Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to prevent anomalous inputs from causing a model to fail during deployment. While improved OOD detection methods have emerged, they often rely on the final layer outputs and require a full…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-05-03 Ziqian Lin , Sreya Dutta Roy , Yixuan Li

Density-based Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently been shown unreliable for the task of detecting OOD images. Various density ratio based approaches achieve good empirical performance, however methods typically lack a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-09 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Yitong Sun , Steven McDonagh

Learning on graphs, where instance nodes are inter-connected, has become one of the central problems for deep learning, as relational structures are pervasive and induce data inter-dependence which hinders trivial adaptation of existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-10 Qitian Wu , Yiting Chen , Chenxiao Yang , Junchi Yan

We present a new methodology for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) images by utilizing norms of the score estimates at multiple noise scales. A score is defined to be the gradient of the log density with respect to the input data. Our…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-24 Ahsan Mahmood , Junier Oliva , Martin Styner

As deep learning methods form a critical part in commercially important applications such as autonomous driving and medical diagnostics, it is important to reliably detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs while employing these algorithms.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-09-12 Apoorv Vyas , Nataraj Jammalamadaka , Xia Zhu , Dipankar Das , Bharat Kaul , Theodore L. Willke

Neural networks are known to produce over-confident predictions on input images, even when these images are out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. This limits the applications of neural network models in real-world scenarios, where OOD samples…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-07-19 Ke Fan , Yikai Wang , Qian Yu , Da Li , Yanwei Fu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for deploying deep learning models reliably, yet no single method performs consistently across architectures and datasets -- a scorer that leads on one benchmark often falters on another. We…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Jin Mo Yang , Hyung-Sin Kim , Saewoong Bahk

The diverse nature of dialects presents challenges for models trained on specific linguistic patterns, rendering them susceptible to errors when confronted with unseen or out-of-distribution (OOD) data. This study introduces a novel…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-27 Yaqian Hao , Chenguang Hu , Yingying Gao , Shilei Zhang , Junlan Feng

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify OOD inputs from unknown classes, which is important for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in the open world. Various scoring functions are proposed to distinguish it from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Boxuan Zhang , Jianing Zhu , Zengmao Wang , Tongliang Liu , Bo Du , Bo Han

Estimating out-of-distribution (OOD) uncertainty is a central challenge for safely deploying machine learning models in the open-world environment. Improved methods for OOD detection in multi-class classification have emerged, while OOD…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-25 Haoran Wang , Weitang Liu , Alex Bocchieri , Yixuan Li

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-17 Pietro Recalcati , Fabio Garcea , Luca Piano , Fabrizio Lamberti , Lia Morra

The ability to detect Out-of-Distribution (OOD) data is important in safety-critical applications of deep learning. The aim is to separate In-Distribution (ID) data drawn from the training distribution from OOD data using a measure of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-21 Guoxuan Xia , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical when deploying machine learning models in the real world. Outlier exposure methods, which incorporate auxiliary outlier data in the training process, can drastically improve OOD detection…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-09 Claus Hofmann , Simon Schmid , Bernhard Lehner , Daniel Klotz , Sepp Hochreiter

Today, deep learning is increasingly applied in security-critical situations such as autonomous driving and medical diagnosis. Despite its success, the behavior and robustness of deep networks are not fully understood yet, posing a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-27 Sven Elflein

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs during the inference stage is crucial for deploying neural networks in the real world. Previous methods commonly relied on the output of a network derived from the highly activated feature map. In…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-03 Yeonguk Yu , Sungho Shin , Seongju Lee , Changhyun Jun , Kyoobin Lee

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) instances is crucial for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in real-world scenarios. OOD inputs are commonly expected to cause a more uncertain prediction in the primary task; however,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-22 Mohammad Azizmalayeri , Ameen Abu-Hanna , Giovanni Cinà

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial part of deploying machine learning models safely. It has been extensively studied with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. This problem is tackled with an OOD score…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-19 Jingqiu Zhou , Aojun Zhou , Hongsheng Li

The ability of a deep learning network to distinguish between in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is crucial for ensuring the reliability and trustworthiness of AI systems. Existing OOD detection methods often involve…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-25 Gagandeep Singh , Ishan Mishra , Deepak Mishra