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Interpretability in machine learning models is important in high-stakes decisions, such as whether to order a biopsy based on a mammographic exam. Mammography poses important challenges that are not present in other computer vision tasks:…

Machine learning models have become integral to many fields, but their reliability, defined as producing dependable, trustworthy, and domain-consistent predictions, remains a critical concern. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) models…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Hassan Keshvarikhojasteh , Marc Aubreville , Christof A. Bertram , Josien P. W. Pluim , Mitko Veta

Whole-slide images (WSIs) from cancer patients contain rich information that can be used for medical diagnosis or to follow treatment progress. To automate their analysis, numerous deep learning methods based on convolutional neural…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Lucas Sancéré , Noémie Moreau , Katarzyna Bozek

Whole Slide Image (WSI) representation is critical for cancer subtyping, cancer recognition and mutation prediction.Training an end-to-end WSI representation model poses significant challenges, as a standard gigapixel slide can contain tens…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Jing Jin , Xu Liu , Te Gao , Zhihong Shi , Yixiong Liang , Ruiqing Zheng , Hulin Kuang , Min Zeng , Shichao Kan

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) in digital pathology are used to diagnose cancer subtypes. The difference in procedures to acquire WSIs at various trial sites gives rise to variability in the histopathology images, thus making consistent…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-04-07 Milad Sikaroudi , Shahryar Rahnamayan , H. R. Tizhoosh

The segmentation of kidney layer structures, including cortex, outer stripe, inner stripe, and inner medulla within human kidney whole slide images (WSI) plays an essential role in automated image analysis in renal pathology. However, the…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-09-07 Muhao Liu , Chenyang Qi , Shunxing Bao , Quan Liu , Ruining Deng , Yu Wang , Shilin Zhao , Haichun Yang , Yuankai Huo

Neural networks promise to bring robust, quantitative analysis to medical fields, but adoption is limited by the technicalities of training these networks. To address this translation gap between medical researchers and neural networks in…

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) for whole slide image (WSI) analysis in computational pathology often neglects instance-level learning as supervision is typically provided only at the bag level, hindering the integrated consideration of…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely used for decision making in a myriad of critical applications, ranging from medical to societal and even judicial. Given the importance of these decisions, it is crucial for us to be able to interpret…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-11-28 Teddy Koker , Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah , Tom Titcombe , Georgios Kaissis

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is the preferred approach for whole slide image classification. However, most MIL approaches do not exploit the interdependencies of tiles extracted from a whole slide image, which could provide valuable…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-08-26 Marvin Lerousseau , Maria Vakalopoulou , Eric Deutsch , Nikos Paragios

Whole slide image (WSI) has been widely used to assist automated diagnosis under the deep learning fields. However, most previous works only discuss the SINGLE task setting which is not aligned with real clinical setting, where pathologists…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-31 Weiqin Zhao , Shujun Wang , Maximus Yeung , Tianye Niu , Lequan Yu

Current cervical cytopathology whole slide image (WSI) screening primarily relies on detection-based approaches, which are limited in performance due to the expense and time-consuming annotation process. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-17 Jialong Huang , Gaojie Li , Shichao Kan , Jianfeng Liu , Yixiong Liang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as the dominant paradigm for whole slide image (WSI) analysis in computational pathology, achieving strong diagnostic performance through patch-level feature aggregation. However, existing MIL…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Yiran Song , Yikai Zhang , Shuang Zhou , Guojun Xiong , Xiaofeng Yang , Nian Wang , Fenglong Ma , Rui Zhang , Mingquan Lin

The lack of interpretability in the field of medical image analysis has significant ethical and legal implications. Existing interpretable methods in this domain encounter several challenges, including dependency on specific models,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Lijie Hu , Songning Lai , Wenshuo Chen , Hongru Xiao , Hongbin Lin , Lu Yu , Jingfeng Zhang , Di Wang

Accurate prediction of placental diseases via whole slide images (WSIs) is critical for preventing severe maternal and fetal complications. However, WSI analysis presents significant computational challenges due to the massive data volume.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-06 Hang Guo , Qing Zhang , Zixuan Gao , Siyuan Yang , Shulin Peng , Xiang Tao , Ting Yu , Yan Wang , Qingli Li

Slide-level classification for whole-slide images (WSIs) has been widely recognized as a crucial problem in digital and computational pathology. Current approaches commonly consider WSIs as a bag of cropped patches and process them via…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-12 Doanh C. Bui , Trinh Thi Le Vuong , Jin Tae Kwak

In recent years, deep learning has successfully been applied to automate a wide variety of tasks in diagnostic histopathology. However, fast and reliable localization of small-scale regions-of-interest (ROI) has remained a key challenge, as…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-01-06 Jon Braatz , Pranav Rajpurkar , Stephanie Zhang , Andrew Y. Ng , Jeanne Shen

Various multi-instance learning (MIL) based approaches have been developed and successfully applied to whole-slide pathological images (WSI). Existing MIL methods emphasize the importance of feature aggregators, but largely neglect the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Yicheng Song , Tiancheng Lin , Die Peng , Su Yang , Yi Xu

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is the standard approach for whole-slide image (WSI) classification and survival prediction, where attention-based models ag gregate patch features into slide-level predictions. These models treat attention…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Xiangyu Li , Ran Su

Whole-slide image (WSI) classification in computational pathology is commonly formulated as slide-level Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) with a single global bag representation. However, slide-level MIL is fundamentally underconstrained:…