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The Offline software framework for data analysis of the Pierre Auger Observatory is a set of computational tools developed to cater to the needs of a large and geographically dispersed collaboration established to measure the spectrum,…
In this paper we examine the possibility of testing the equivalence principle, in its weak form, by analyzing the orbital motion of a pair of artificial satellites of different composition moving along orbits of identical shape and size in…
The Moon is our future. It may seem like a chimera with a projected cost in excess of 100 billion\$, and counting, dispensed on ARTEMIS with little to show to date. However it is the ideal site for the largest telescopes that we can dream…
The hyperfine structure of atoms and ions is widely used in fundamental and applied research. Accurate knowledge of hyperfine splitting values is essential for quantum metrology applications as well as for improving the performance of…
Spaceborne gravitational wave observatories, exemplified by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission, are designed to remove laser noise and clock noise from interferometric phase measurements in postprocessing. The planned…
We discuss the laser frequency comb as a near infrared astronomical wavelength reference, and describe progress towards a near infrared laser frequency comb at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and at the University of…
The complete set of data from the Tenerife 10 GHz (8 degree FWHM) twin-horn, drift scan experiment is described. These data are affected by both long-term atmospheric baseline drifts and short term noise. A new maximum entropy procedure,…
A new satellite based test of Special and General Relativity is proposed. For the Michelson-Morley experiment we expect an improvement of at least three orders of magnitude, and for the Kennedy-Thorndike experiment an improvement of more…
This article describes astrometric science that can be done with the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors and presents some recent science results. We outline how these data are modeled, acquired, and calibrated. We next show how…
We introduce a novel direct calibration algorithm to address phase delay, gain, and offset mismatches in Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) time interleaving systems. These mismatches, common in high-speed data acquisition, degrade system…
We present a combined cosmic shear analysis of the modeling of line-of-sight distortions on strongly lensed extended arcs and galaxy shape measurements in the COSMOS field. We develop a framework to predict the covariance of strong lensing…
All light has structure, but only recently it has become possible to construct highly controllable and precise potentials so that most laboratories can harness light for their specific applications. In this chapter, we review the emerging…
The measurement of the spatial fluctuations of the neutral hydrogen 21 cm signal arising during the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn periods of our Universe (z from 200 to 10) holds the potential to resolve these still-unexplored earliest phases…
The comparison of optical reference frequency signals over free-space optical links is limited by the relative motion between local and remote sites. For ground to low earth orbit comparison, the expected Doppler shift and Doppler rate…
Over the past few decades, fiber-optic time synchronization (FOTS) has provided fundamental support for the efficient operation of modern society. Looking toward the future beyond fifth-generation/sixth-generation (B5G/6G) scenarios and…
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a widely-used technique with multiple applications, including geology, molecular biology and archeology. In order to achieve a high dynamic range, AMS requires tandem accelerators and large magnets,…
GRAVITY is an adaptive optics assisted Beam Combiner for the second generation VLTI instrumentation. The instrument will provide high-precision narrow-angle astrometry and phase-referenced interferometric imaging in the astronomical K-band…
Spectral analysis is one of the most powerful technologies for studying and understanding matter. As the devices for spectral analysis, spectrometers are widely used in material detection, isotope analysis, trace gas detection, and the…
Frequency combs have revolutionized time and frequency metrology and in recent years, new frequency comb lasers that are highly compact or even on-chip have been demonstrated in the mid-infrared and THz regions of the electromagnetic…
More precise lunar and Martian ranging will enable unprecedented tests of Einstein's theory of General Relativity and well as lunar and planetary science. NASA is currently planning several missions to return to the Moon, and it is natural…