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Facial expressions play an important role in conveying the emotional states of human beings. Recently, deep learning approaches have been applied to image recognition field due to the discriminative power of Convolutional Neural Network…

A central challenge in neuroscience is to understand neural computations and circuit mechanisms that underlie the encoding of ethologically relevant, natural stimuli. In multilayered neural circuits, nonlinear processes such as synaptic…

The analysis of waves in the visible side of the Sun allows the detection of active regions in the farside through local helioseismology techniques. The knowledge of the magnetism in the whole Sun, including the non-visible hemisphere, is…

Convolutional neural network (CNN) driven by image recognition has been shown to be able to explain cortical responses to static pictures at ventral-stream areas. Here, we further showed that such CNN could reliably predict and decode…

Solar active regions (ARs) do not appear randomly but cluster along longitudinally warped toroidal bands ('toroids') that encode information about magnetic structures in the tachocline, where global-scale organization likely originates.…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been successfully applied in various fields. In DNNs, a large number of multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations are required to be performed, posing critical challenges in applying them in resource-constrained…

This paper proposes a principled information theoretic analysis of classification for deep neural network structures, e.g. convolutional neural networks (CNN). The output of convolutional filters is modeled as a random variable Y…

Observational pre-cursors of large solar flares provide a basis for future operational systems for forecasting. Here, we study the evolution of the normalized emergence (EM), shearing (SH) and total (T) magnetic helicity flux components for…

The success of deep active learning hinges on the choice of an effective acquisition function, which ranks not yet labeled data points according to their expected informativeness. Many acquisition functions are (partly) based on the…

A dramatic progress in the field of computer vision has been made in recent years by applying deep learning techniques. State-of-the-art performance in image recognition is thereby reached with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CNNs are…

In many practical applications, deep neural networks have been typically deployed to operate as a black box predictor. Despite the high amount of work on interpretability and high demand on the reliability of these systems, they typically…

Traditional weak-lensing mass reconstruction techniques suffer from various artifacts, including noise amplification and the mass-sheet degeneracy. In Hong et al. (2021), we demonstrated that many of these pitfalls of traditional mass…

In this work, we propose CLass-Enhanced Attentive Response (CLEAR): an approach to visualize and understand the decisions made by deep neural networks (DNNs) given a specific input. CLEAR facilitates the visualization of attentive regions…

Despite being the appearance-based classifier of choice in recent years, relatively few works have examined how much convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can improve performance on accepted expression recognition benchmarks and, more…

The complex dynamics that lead to the emergence of active regions on the sun are poorly understood. One possibility is that magnetic structures (flux tubes, etc.) rise from below the surface by self induction and convection that lead to the…

The emergence of magnetic flux from the deep convection zone plays an important role in the solar magnetism, such as the generation of active regions and triggering of various eruptive phenomena, including jets, flares, and coronal mass…

Solar active regions are associated with Evershed outflows in sunspot penumbrae, moat outflows surrounding sunspots, and extended inflows surrounding active regions. The latter have been identified on established active regions by various…

Internetwork (IN) magnetic fields are highly dynamic, short-lived magnetic structures that populate the interior of supergranular cells. Since they emerge all over the Sun, these small-scale fields bring a substantial amount of flux, and…

Context. Active regions (ARs) appear in the solar atmosphere as a consequence of the emergence of magnetic flux tubes. The presence of elongated magnetic polarities in line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms indicates the existence of twist in the…

The interaction between emerging magnetic flux and the pre-existing ambient field has become a "hot" topic for both numerical simulations and high-resolution observations of the solar atmosphere. The appearance of brightenings and surges…