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Runtime verification (RV) consists in dynamically verifying that the event traces generated by single runs of a system under scrutiny (SUS) are compliant with the formal specification of its expected properties. RML (Runtime Monitoring…

Trusting software systems, particularly autonomous ones, is challenging. To address this, formal verification techniques can ensure these systems behave as expected. Runtime Verification (RV) is a leading, lightweight method for verifying…

Runtime verification is an effective automated method for specification-based offline testing and analysis as well as online monitoring of complex systems. The specification language is often a variant of regular expressions or a popular…

Implementing correct distributed systems is an error-prone task. Runtime Verification (RV) offers a lightweight formal method to improve reliability by monitoring system executions against correctness properties. However, applying RV in…

Runtime verification encompasses several lightweight techniques for checking whether a system's current execution satisfies a given specification. We focus on runtime verification for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). Previous work describes…

Runtime verification is concerned with monitoring program traces. In particular, stream runtime verification (SRV) takes the program trace as input streams and incrementally derives output streams. SRV can check logical properties and…

Within Model-Driven Software Engineering, Domain-Specific Modelling has proven to be a powerful technique to specify systems and systems' behaviour in a formal, yet understandable way. Runtime verification (RV) has been successfully used to…

Runtime verification is checking whether a system execution satisfies or violates a given correctness property. A procedure that automatically, and typically on the fly, verifies conformance of the system's behavior to the specified…

Runtime verification (RV) is a pragmatic and scalable, yet rigorous technique, to assess the correctness of complex systems, including cyber-physical systems (CPS). By measuring how robustly a CPS run satisfies a specification, RV allows in…

Runtime Verification (RV) studies how to analyze execution traces of a system under observation. Stream Runtime Verification (SRV) applies stream transformations to obtain information from observed traces. Incomplete traces with information…

Assuring the safety and trustworthiness of autonomous systems is particularly difficult when learning-enabled components and open environments are involved. Formal methods provide strong guarantees but depend on complete models and static…

Runtime Verification deals with the question of whether a run of a system adheres to its specification. This paper studies runtime verification in the presence of partial knowledge about the observed run, particularly where input values may…

We present RVHyper, a runtime verification tool for hyperproperties. Hyperproperties, such as non-interference and observational determinism, relate multiple computation traces with each other. Specifications are given as formulas in the…

Runtime verification is a lightweight verification technique that complements model checking by analyzing system executions at runtime rather than exploring a complete system model in advance. It is particularly useful for partially…

Runtime verification is an area of formal methods that studies the dynamic analysis of execution traces against formal specifications. Typically, the two main activities in runtime verification efforts are the process of creating monitors…

Runtime Monitoring is a lightweight and dynamic verification technique that involves observing the internal operations of a software system and/or its interactions with other external entities, with the aim of determining whether the system…

Runtime Verification (RV) is a lightweight formal technique in which program or system execution is monitored and analyzed, to check whether certain properties are satisfied or violated after a finite number of steps. The use of RV has led…

Runtime monitoring is commonly used to detect the violation of desired properties in safety critical cyber-physical systems by observing its executions. Bauer et al. introduced an influential framework for monitoring Linear Temporal Logic…

Runtime verification, also known as runtime monitoring, consists of checking whether a system satisfies a given specification by observing the trace it produces during its execution. It is used as a lightweight verification technique to…

To maximize the information gained from a single execution when verifying a concurrent system, one can derive all concurrency-aware equivalent executions and check them against linear specifications. This paper offers an alternative…