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Contextualized word embeddings (CWE) such as provided by ELMo (Peters et al., 2018), Flair NLP (Akbik et al., 2018), or BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) are a major recent innovation in NLP. CWEs provide semantic vector representations of words…

Domain adaptation or transfer learning using pre-trained language models such as BERT has proven to be an effective approach for many natural language processing tasks. In this work, we propose to formulate word sense disambiguation as a…

Cross-lingual word sense disambiguation (WSD) tackles the challenge of disambiguating ambiguous words across languages given context. The pre-trained BERT embedding model has been proven to be effective in extracting contextual information…

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) aims to find the exact sense of an ambiguous word in a particular context. Traditional supervised methods rarely take into consideration the lexical resources like WordNet, which are widely utilized in…

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), which aims to identify the correct sense of a given polyseme, is a long-standing problem in NLP. In this paper, we propose to use BERT to extract better polyseme representations for WSD and explore several…

Sentence embedding is an important research topic in natural language processing (NLP) since it can transfer knowledge to downstream tasks. Meanwhile, a contextualized word representation, called BERT, achieves the state-of-the-art…

Language Models are the core for almost any Natural Language Processing system nowadays. One of their particularities is their contextualized representations, a game changer feature when a disambiguation between word senses is necessary. In…

Pre-trained contextual language models are ubiquitously employed for language understanding tasks, but are unsuitable for resource-constrained systems. Noncontextual word embeddings are an efficient alternative in these settings. Such…

Models based on the transformer architecture, such as BERT, have marked a crucial step forward in the field of Natural Language Processing. Importantly, they allow the creation of word embeddings that capture important semantic information…

We propose to take on the problem ofWord Sense Disambiguation (WSD). In language, words of the same form can take different meanings depending on context. While humans easily infer the meaning or gloss of such words by their context,…

We present two supervised (pre-)training methods to incorporate gloss definitions from lexical resources into neural language models (LMs). The training improves our models' performance for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) but also benefits…

Recent years of research in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have witnessed dramatic growth in training large models for generating context-aware language representations. In this regard, numerous NLP systems have leveraged the power of…

Contextual word embeddings obtained from pre-trained language model (PLM) have proven effective for various natural language processing tasks at the word level. However, interpreting the hidden aspects within embeddings, such as syntax and…

The latest work on language representations carefully integrates contextualized features into language model training, which enables a series of success especially in various machine reading comprehension and natural language inference…

Tremendous amounts of multimedia associated with speech information are driving an urgent need to develop efficient and effective automatic summarization methods. To this end, we have seen rapid progress in applying supervised deep neural…

An important question concerning contextualized word embedding (CWE) models like BERT is how well they can represent different word senses, especially those in the long tail of uncommon senses. Rather than build a WSD system as in previous…

Mainstream Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) approaches have employed BERT to extract semantics from both context and definitions of senses to determine the most suitable sense of a target word, achieving notable performance. However, there…

Pre-trained transformer models shine in many natural language processing tasks and therefore are expected to bear the representation of the input sentence or text meaning. These sentence-level embeddings are also important in…

The goal of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is to identify the sense of a polysemous word in a specific context. Deep-learning techniques using BERT have achieved very promising results in the field and different methods have been proposed…

Supervised models for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) currently yield to state-of-the-art results in the most popular benchmarks. Despite the recent introduction of Word Embeddings and Recurrent Neural Networks to design powerful…