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In some causal inference scenarios, the treatment variable is measured inaccurately, for instance in epidemiology or econometrics. Failure to correct for the effect of this measurement error can lead to biased causal effect estimates.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-13 Antti Pöllänen , Pekka Marttinen

In contemporary scientific research, understanding the distinction between correlation and causation is crucial. While correlation is a widely used analytical standard, it does not inherently imply causation. This paper addresses the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-27 Cao Zhihao , Qu Hongchun

Inferring the causal direction and causal effect between two discrete random variables X and Y from a finite sample is often a crucial problem and a challenging task. However, if we have access to observational and interventional data, it…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-10-16 Peter Gmeiner

Structural causal models postulate noisy functional relations among a set of interacting variables. The causal structure underlying each such model is naturally represented by a directed graph whose edges indicate for each variable which…

统计理论 · 数学 2022-03-15 David Strieder , Tobias Freidling , Stefan Haffner , Mathias Drton

Causal discovery problems use a set of observations to deduce causality between variables in the real world, typically to answer questions about biological or physical systems. These observations are often recorded at regular time…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-24 Kurt Butler , Damian Machlanski , Panagiotis Dimitrakopoulos , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Given data sampled from a number of variables, one is often interested in the underlying causal relationships in the form of a directed acyclic graph. In the general case, without interventions on some of the variables it is only possible…

机器学习 · 统计学 2017-12-05 Christopher Nowzohour , Peter Bühlmann

Observational data is increasingly used as a means for making individual-level causal predictions and intervention recommendations. The foremost challenge of causal inference from observational data is hidden confounding, whose presence…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-10-30 Nathan Kallus , Aahlad Manas Puli , Uri Shalit

Causal knowledge is vital for effective reasoning in science, as causal relations, unlike correlations, allow one to reason about the outcomes of interventions. Algorithms that can discover causal relations from observational data are based…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-11-12 Anish Dhir , Ciarán M. Lee

Unmeasured confounding is a major challenge for identifying causal relationships from non-experimental data. Here, we propose a method that can accommodate unmeasured discrete confounding. Extending recent identifiability results in deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Patrick Burauel , Frederick Eberhardt , Michel Besserve

Reconstructing the states of the nodes of a dynamical network is a problem of fundamental importance in the study of neuronal and genetic networks. An underlying related problem is that of observability, i.e., identifying the conditions…

斑图形成与孤子 · 物理学 2017-03-31 Afroza Shirin , Dionicio F. Rios , Francesco Sorrentino

Estimating the causal effects of an intervention from high-dimensional observational data is difficult due to the presence of confounding. The task is often complicated by the fact that we may have a systematic missingness in our data at…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-03-02 Sonali Parbhoo , Mario Wieser , Aleksander Wieczorek , Volker Roth

We consider the problem of learning the dynamics of a linear system when one has access to data generated by an auxiliary system that shares similar (but not identical) dynamics, in addition to data from the true system. We use a weighted…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-01-20 Lei Xin , Lintao Ye , George Chiu , Shreyas Sundaram

This paper considers learning the hidden causal network of a linear networked dynamical system (NDS) from the time series data at some of its nodes -- partial observability. The dynamics of the NDS are driven by colored noise that generates…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-13 Augusto Santos , Diogo Rente , Rui Seabra , José M. F. Moura

Causal discovery from data affected by unobserved variables is an important but difficult problem to solve. The effects that unobserved variables have on the relationships between observed variables are more complex in nonlinear cases than…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-07 Takashi Nicholas Maeda , Shohei Shimizu

We consider the problem of inferring causal relationships between two or more passively observed variables. While the problem of such causal discovery has been extensively studied especially in the bivariate setting, the majority of current…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-04-22 Ricardo Pio Monti , Kun Zhang , Aapo Hyvarinen

A fundamental problem of causal discovery is cause-effect inference, learning the correct causal direction between two random variables. Significant progress has been made through modelling the effect as a function of its cause and a noise…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-27 Xiangyu Sun , Oliver Schulte

Several concepts on the measure of observability, reachability, and robustness are defined and illustrated for both linear and nonlinear control systems. Defined by using computational dynamic optimization, these concepts are applicable to…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2009-07-17 Wei Kang , Liang Xu

Causal investigations in observational studies pose a great challenge in research where randomized trials or intervention-based studies are not feasible. We develop an information geometric causal discovery and inference framework of…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-11-08 Soumik Purkayastha , Peter X. K. Song

In this paper, we adopt results in nonlinear time series analysis for causal inference in dynamical settings.~Our motivation is policy analysis with panel data, particularly through the use of "synthetic control" methods. These methods…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-03-03 Yi Ding , Panos Toulis

The ability to conduct interventions plays a pivotal role in learning causal relationships among variables, thus facilitating applications across diverse scientific disciplines such as genomics, economics, and machine learning. However, in…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-11-04 Abhinav Kumar , Kirankumar Shiragur , Caroline Uhler