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Separating benign domains from domains generated by DGAs with the help of a binary classifier is a well-studied problem for which promising performance results have been published. The corresponding multiclass task of determining the exact…

Numerous malware families rely on domain generation algorithms (DGAs) to establish a connection to their command and control (C2) server. Counteracting DGAs, several machine learning classifiers have been proposed enabling the…

New malware emerges at a rapid pace and often incorporates Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to avoid blocking the malware's connection to the command and control (C2) server. Current state-of-the-art classifiers are able to separate…

Domain generation algorithms (DGAs) are frequently employed by malware to generate domains used for connecting to command-and-control (C2) servers. Recent work in DGA detection leveraged deep learning architectures like convolutional neural…

While deep neural networks demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on a variety of learning tasks, their performance relies on the assumption that train and test distributions are the same, which may not hold in real-world applications.…

Class imbalance in deep neural networks (DNNs) has witnessed a rapid increase in research attention in recent years. However, the varying accounts of the reasons behind the poor performance of DNN on imbalance data in pertinent literature…

Domain generation algorithms (DGAs) are commonly leveraged by malware to create lists of domain names which can be used for command and control (C&C) purposes. Approaches based on machine learning have recently been developed to…

Domain generalization (DG) aims to incorporate knowledge from multiple source domains into a single model that could generalize well on unseen target domains. This problem is ubiquitous in practice since the distributions of the target data…

In recent years, machine learning has achieved impressive results across different application areas. However, machine learning algorithms do not necessarily perform well on a new domain with a different distribution than its training set.…

Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) are frequently used to generate numerous domains for use by botnets. These domains are often utilized as rendezvous points for servers that malware has command and control over. There are many algorithms…

Learning from imbalanced data is one of the most significant challenges in real-world classification tasks. In such cases, neural networks performance is substantially impaired due to preference towards the majority class. Existing…

In this work, we conduct a comprehensive study on the robustness of domain generation algorithm (DGA) classifiers. We implement 32 white-box attacks, 19 of which are very effective and induce a false-negative rate (FNR) of $\approx$ 100\%…

Malware applications typically use a command and control (C&C) server to manage bots to perform malicious activities. Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) are popular methods for generating pseudo-random domain names that can be used to…

Many malware families utilize domain generation algorithms (DGAs) to establish command and control (C&C) connections. While there are many methods to pseudorandomly generate domains, we focus in this paper on detecting (and generating)…

Real-world datasets are often highly class-imbalanced, which can adversely impact the performance of deep learning models. The majority of research on training neural networks under class imbalance has focused on specialized loss functions,…

Learning classifiers using skewed or imbalanced datasets can occasionally lead to classification issues; this is a serious issue. In some cases, one class contains the majority of examples while the other, which is frequently the more…

This study proposes a method for imbalanced data classification based on deep probabilistic graphical models (DPGMs) to solve the problem that traditional methods have insufficient learning ability for minority class samples. To address the…

Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) are used by adversaries to establish Command and Control (C\&C) server communications during cyber attacks. Blacklists of known/identified C\&C domains are often used as one of the defense mechanisms.…

Domain generation algorithms (DGAs) are commonly used by botnets to generate domain names through which bots can establish a resilient communication channel with their command and control servers. Recent publications presented deep…

Class imbalance is a common problem in the case of real-world object detection and classification tasks. Data of some classes is abundant making them an over-represented majority, and data of other classes is scarce, making them an…