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The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a well-studied, deep, latent-variable model (DLVM) that efficiently optimizes the variational lower bound of the log marginal data likelihood and has a strong theoretical foundation. However, the VAE's…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Surojit Saha , Sarang Joshi , Ross Whitaker

Latent space Energy-Based Models (EBMs), also known as energy-based priors, have drawn growing interests in generative modeling. Fueled by its flexibility in the formulation and strong modeling power of the latent space, recent works built…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-06 Peiyu Yu , Sirui Xie , Xiaojian Ma , Baoxiong Jia , Bo Pang , Ruiqi Gao , Yixin Zhu , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

Energy-Based Models (EBMs) present a flexible and appealing way to represent uncertainty. Despite recent advances, training EBMs on high-dimensional data remains a challenging problem as the state-of-the-art approaches are costly, unstable,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-08 Will Grathwohl , Jacob Kelly , Milad Hashemi , Mohammad Norouzi , Kevin Swersky , David Duvenaud

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) provide an effective and simple method for modeling complex distributions. However, training VAEs often requires considerable hyperparameter tuning to determine the optimal amount of information retained by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-13 Oleh Rybkin , Kostas Daniilidis , Sergey Levine

With the ever-increasing amount of data, the central challenge in multimodal learning involves limitations of labelled samples. For the task of classification, techniques such as meta-learning, zero-shot learning, and few-shot learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-06-29 Nihar Bendre , Kevin Desai , Peyman Najafirad

While unsupervised variational autoencoders (VAE) have become a powerful tool in neuroimage analysis, their application to supervised learning is under-explored. We aim to close this gap by proposing a unified probabilistic model for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-07-15 Qingyu Zhao , Ehsan Adeli , Nicolas Honnorat , Tuo Leng , Kilian M. Pohl

An energy-based model (EBM) is a popular generative framework that offers both explicit density and architectural flexibility, but training them is difficult since it is often unstable and time-consuming. In recent years, various training…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-07 Hankook Lee , Jongheon Jeong , Sejun Park , Jinwoo Shin

Latent variable models like the Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) are commonly used to learn representations of images. However, for downstream tasks like semantic classification, the representations learned by VAE are less competitive than…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-05-31 Mingtian Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Brooks Paige , David Barber

This paper studies the fundamental problem of multi-layer generator models in learning hierarchical representations. The multi-layer generator model that consists of multiple layers of latent variables organized in a top-down architecture…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Jiali Cui , Ying Nian Wu , Tian Han

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are essential tools in end-to-end representation learning. However, the sequential text generation common pitfall with VAEs is that the model tends to ignore latent variables with a strong auto-regressive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-26 Yang Zhao , Ping Yu , Suchismit Mahapatra , Qinliang Su , Changyou Chen

The central objective function of a variational autoencoder (VAE) is its variational lower bound (the ELBO). Here we show that for standard (i.e., Gaussian) VAEs the ELBO converges to a value given by the sum of three entropies: the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-04-30 Simon Damm , Dennis Forster , Dmytro Velychko , Zhenwen Dai , Asja Fischer , Jörg Lücke

Auto-encoding generative adversarial networks (GANs) combine the standard GAN algorithm, which discriminates between real and model-generated data, with a reconstruction loss given by an auto-encoder. Such models aim to prevent mode…

机器学习 · 统计学 2017-10-24 Mihaela Rosca , Balaji Lakshminarayanan , David Warde-Farley , Shakir Mohamed

Multimodal generative models have recently gained significant attention for their ability to learn representations across various modalities, enhancing joint and cross-generation coherence. However, most existing works use standard Gaussian…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-01 Shiyu Yuan , Jiali Cui , Hanao Li , Tian Han

Variational Autoencoder (VAE), a simple and effective deep generative model, has led to a number of impressive empirical successes and spawned many advanced variants and theoretical investigations. However, recent studies demonstrate that,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-01-08 Xuezhe Ma , Chunting Zhou , Eduard Hovy

We introduce an information-theoretic framework that uses variational autoencoders (VAEs) to extract compact, physically interpretable manifolds from high-dimensional flow-field data. To this end, the Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergence in…

流体动力学 · 物理学 2026-04-21 Zhiyuan Wang , Iacopo Tirelli , Stefano Discetti , Andrea Ianiro

It has been previously observed that training Variational Recurrent Autoencoders (VRAE) for text generation suffers from serious uninformative latent variables problem. The model would collapse into a plain language model that totally…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-11-20 Dayiheng Liu , Xu Yang , Feng He , Yuanyuan Chen , Jiancheng Lv

In this paper, we investigate the problem of string-based molecular generation via variational autoencoders (VAEs) that have served a popular generative approach for various tasks in artificial intelligence. We propose a simple, yet…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-24 Kisoo Kwon , Kuhwan Jung , Junghyun Park , Hwidong Na , Jinwoo Shin

Latent-variable energy-based models (LVEBMs) assign a single normalized energy to joint pairs of observed data and latent variables, offering expressive generative modeling while capturing hidden structure. We recast maximum-likelihood…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-20 Shiqin Tang , Shuxin Zhuang , Rong Feng , Runsheng Yu , Hongzong Li , Youzhi Zhang

Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) are capable of learning latent representations for high dimensional data. However, due to the i.i.d. assumption, VAEs only optimize the singleton variational distributions and fail to account for the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-20 Da Tang , Dawen Liang , Tony Jebara , Nicholas Ruozzi

Simultaneously achieving robust classification and high-fidelity generative modeling within a single framework presents a significant challenge. Hybrid approaches, such as Joint Energy-Based Models (JEM), interpret classifiers as EBMs but…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Xuwang Yin , Claire Zhang , Julie Steele , Nir Shavit , Tony T. Wang