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While deep reinforcement learning has achieved tremendous successes in various applications, most existing works only focus on maximizing the expected value of total return and thus ignore its inherent stochasticity. Such stochasticity is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-19 Han Zhong , Xun Deng , Ethan X. Fang , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Runze Li

The goal of reinforcement learning algorithms is to estimate and/or optimise the value function. However, unlike supervised learning, no teacher or oracle is available to provide the true value function. Instead, the majority of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-05-25 Zhongwen Xu , Hado van Hasselt , David Silver

In reinforcement learning (RL), agents continually interact with the environment and use the feedback to refine their behavior. To guide policy optimization, reward models are introduced as proxies of the desired objectives, such that when…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Rui Yu , Shenghua Wan , Yucen Wang , Chen-Xiao Gao , Le Gan , Zongzhang Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan

In Reinforcement Learning (abbreviated as RL), an agent interacts with the environment via a set of possible actions, and a reward is generated from some unknown distribution. The task here is to find an optimal set of actions such that the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-21 Aditi Anand , Suman Banerjee , Dildar Ali

The integration of Reinforcement Learning (RL) with heuristic methods is an emerging trend for solving optimization problems, which leverages RL's ability to learn from the data generated during the search process. One promising approach is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-19 Arthur Müller , Lukas Vollenkemper

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms aim to learn optimal decisions in unknown environments through experience of taking actions and observing the rewards gained. In some cases, the environment is not influenced by the actions of the RL…

Reinforcement learning (RL) marks a fundamental shift in how artificial intelligence is applied in healthcare. Instead of merely predicting outcomes, RL actively decides interventions with long term goals. Unlike traditional models that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-01 Dilruk Perera , Gousia Habib , Qianyi Xu , Daniel J. Tan , Kai He , Erik Cambria , Mengling Feng

The endeavor of artificial intelligence (AI) is to design autonomous agents capable of achieving complex tasks. Namely, reinforcement learning (RL) proposes a theoretical background to learn optimal behaviors. In practice, RL algorithms…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-27 Firas Jarboui , Ahmed Akakzia

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become the de facto standard practice for sequential decision-making problems by improving future acting policies with feedback. However, RL algorithms may require extensive trial-and-error interactions to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Shenao Zhang , Sirui Zheng , Shuqi Ke , Zhihan Liu , Wanxin Jin , Jianbo Yuan , Yingxiang Yang , Hongxia Yang , Zhaoran Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) empowered with Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) can iteratively plan, call external tools, and integrate returned information to solve complex, long-horizon reasoning tasks. Agentic Reinforcement Learning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Jianghao Su , Xia Zeng , Luhui Liu , Chao Luo , Ye Chen , Zhuoran Zhuang

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents are commonly evaluated via their expected value over a distribution of test scenarios. Unfortunately, this evaluation approach provides limited evidence for post-deployment generalization beyond the test…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-06-09 Kin-Ho Lam , Delyar Tabatabai , Jed Irvine , Donald Bertucci , Anita Ruangrotsakun , Minsuk Kahng , Alan Fern

Reinforcement learning algorithms describe how an agent can learn an optimal action policy in a sequential decision process, through repeated experience. In a given environment, the agent policy provides him some running and terminal…

理论经济学 · 经济学 2020-03-24 Arthur Charpentier , Romuald Elie , Carl Remlinger

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) related technology has expanded knowledge in the area, bringing to light new problems and challenges that require solutions. Furthermore, because the technology allows processes usually carried…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-12-08 Cristian Millán-Arias , Ruben Contreras , Francisco Cruz , Bruno Fernandes

Successor-style representations have many advantages for reinforcement learning: for example, they can help an agent generalize from past experience to new goals, and they have been proposed as explanations of behavioral and neural data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-17 Kianté Brantley , Soroush Mehri , Geoffrey J. Gordon

We study the problem of Reinforcement Learning (RL) with linear function approximation, i.e. assuming the optimal action-value function is linear in a known $d$-dimensional feature mapping. Unfortunately, however, based on only this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-15 Zeyu Jia , Randy Jia , Dhruv Madeka , Dean P. Foster

We study the problem of representation learning in goal-conditioned hierarchical reinforcement learning. In such hierarchical structures, a higher-level controller solves tasks by iteratively communicating goals which a lower-level policy…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2019-01-10 Ofir Nachum , Shixiang Gu , Honglak Lee , Sergey Levine

Safety is critical when applying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world problems. As a result, safe RL has emerged as a fundamental and powerful paradigm for optimizing an agent's policy while incorporating notions of safety. A prevalent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-09 Akifumi Wachi , Xun Shen , Yanan Sui

We present a representation-driven framework for reinforcement learning. By representing policies as estimates of their expected values, we leverage techniques from contextual bandits to guide exploration and exploitation. Particularly,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-23 Ofir Nabati , Guy Tennenholtz , Shie Mannor

Many traditional algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems involve using hand-crafted heuristics that sequentially construct a solution. Such heuristics are designed by domain experts and may often be suboptimal due to the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-25 Nina Mazyavkina , Sergey Sviridov , Sergei Ivanov , Evgeny Burnaev

Reinforcement learning (RL) problems over general state and action spaces are notoriously challenging. In contrast to the tableau setting, one can not enumerate all the states and then iteratively update the policies for each state. This…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Caleb Ju , Guanghui Lan