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We review the status of our understanding of nucleon structure based on the modelling of different kinds of parton distributions. We use the concept of generalized transverse momentum dependent parton distributions and Wigner distributions,…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2016-07-20 M. Burkardt , B. Pasquini

We introduce transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) for gluons with definite rank. The rank refers to the azimuthal dependence corresponding to the tensorial structure in transverse momenta multiplying universal…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2013-06-28 M. G. A. Buffing , A. Mukherjee , P. J. Mulders

Analytical expressions for the Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD, or unintegrated) gluon and sea quark densities in nuclei are derived at leading order of QCD running coupling. The calculations are performed in the framework of the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2023-12-04 A. V. Lipatov , M. A. Malyshev , A. V. Kotikov , X. Chen

I report on our investigations into the impact of (un)polarized transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMD PDFs or TMDs) for gluons at hadron colliders, especially at A Fixed Target Experiment at the LHC (AFTER@LHC).…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2016-05-25 Andrea Signori

We review recent progress in the description of unpolarized transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) gluon distributions at small $x$ in the color glass condensate (CGC) effective theory. We discuss the origin of the non-universality of TMD…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2018-07-27 Elena Petreska

We present a summary of a recent workshop held at Duke University on Partonic Transverse Momentum in Hadrons: Quark Spin-Orbit Correlations and Quark-Gluon Interactions. The transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions…

The inclusive hadronic production of $\eta_Q$($\eta_c$ or $\eta_b$) pair is proposed to extract the transverse momentum dependent(TMD) gluon distribution functions. We use nonrelativistic QCD(NRQCD) for the production of $\eta_Q$. Under…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2014-12-03 Guang-Peng Zhang

We compute the gluon transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation function (TMDFF) at next-to-leading order (NLO) into heavy quarkonium in the color-octet $^3S_1^{[8]}$ channel, based on the NRQCD factorization approach. The spurious…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2024-01-02 Miguel G. Echevarria , Samuel F. Romera , Ignazio Scimemi

We show that the gluon distribution function for very large nuclei may be computed for small transverse momentum as correlation functions of an ultraviolet finite two dimensional Euclidean field theory. This computation is valid to all…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-10-22 Larry McLerran , Raju Venugopalan

We employ a simple model for nuclear modification of ordinary parton densities in a proton to evaluate the Transverse Momentum Dependent gluon and quark distributions in nuclei (nTMDs) within the popular…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-02-10 A. V. Lipatov , A. V. Kotikov

In a high-energy scattering process with hadrons in the initial state, color is involved. Transverse momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDs) describe the quark and gluon distributions in these hadrons in momentum space with the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2015-06-23 M. G. A. Buffing , A. Mukherjee , P. J. Mulders

We study the gluon parton densities [parton distribution functions (PDFs), transverse momentum distributions (TMDs), generalized parton distributions (GPDs)] and form factors in soft-wall AdS/QCD. We show that the power behavior of gluon…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2021-05-18 Valery E. Lyubovitskij , Ivan Schmidt

We explain a gluon transversity, transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs), and parton distribution functions (PDFs) for spin-1 hadrons. The gluon transversity exists in hadrons with spin more than or equal to one,…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2022-01-14 S. Kumano , Qin-Tao Song

We study the parametrization of the energy-momentum tensor for the case of a proton in momentum space in terms of gravitational transverse momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs). These gravitational TMDs are investigated with the inclusion…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-04-17 Navpreet Kaur , Shubham Sharma , Abi Jebarson A , Harleen Dahiya

We present a systematic study of generalized transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions (GTMDs). By taking specific limits or projections, these GTMDs yield various transverse-momentum dependent and generalized parton distributions,…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2011-05-12 Cédric Lorcé , Barbara Pasquini , Marc Vanderhaeghen

We present a calculation of the twist-3 generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for gluons in the proton. Our analysis is performed within a light-front constituent model where the proton is treated as a two-body state of a spin-1 gluon and…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-10-07 Parashmani Thakuria , Madhurjya Lalung , Jayanta Kumar Sarma

We study parton-branching solutions of QCD evolution equations and present a method to construct both collinear and transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton densities from this approach. We work with next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2018-02-14 F. Hautmann , H. Jung , A. Lelek , V. Radescu , R. Zlebcik

The transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization theorem for dijet production in deep-inelastic scattering is used here to make predictions of the gluon Sivers function. We revise the previously studied unpolarized case and develop the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-03-03 Miguel G. Echevarria , Patricia Andrea Gutierrez García , Ignazio Scimemi

We present the potential of $\eta_{b,c}$ production in proton collisions to access the gluon transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs). In particular, we explore the phenomenology of the unpolarized and linearly-polarized…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2022-08-17 Alessandro Bacchetta , Francesco Giovanni Celiberto , Marco Radici , Andrea Signori

We summarize what is known about the transverse spatial distribution of gluons in the nucleon and its x-dependence from exclusive J/psi photo/electroproduction in e-p fixed-target and collider experiments (HERA H1 and ZEUS). This…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 M. Strikman , C. Weiss