相关论文: Virtues of Including Hydrogen in the Patterns of E…
Despite its dominance, hydrogen has been largely ignored in studies of the abundance patterns of the chemical elements in gradual solar energetic-particle (SEP) events; those neglected abundances show a surprising new pattern of behavior.…
Hydrogen has been almost completely ignored in studies of the abundance patterns of the chemical elements in solar energetic particles (SEPs). We seek to find impulsive events where H fits these abundance patterns and document the events…
Recent studies of the abundances of H and He relative to those of heavier ions in solar energetic particle (SEP) events suggest new features in the underlying physics. Impulsive SEP events, defined by uniquely large enhancements of Fe/O,…
This is a study of abundances of the elements He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe in solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the 2 - 15 MeV amu-1 region measured on the Wind spacecraft during 54 large SEP events occurring between…
The author has been fortunate to observe and participate in the rise of the field of solar energetic particles (SEPs), from the early abundance studies, to the contemporary paradigm of shock acceleration in large SEP events, and element…
Acceleration and transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) causes their abundances, measured at constant velocity, to be enhanced or suppressed as a function of each ion's magnetic rigidity, and hence its atomic mass-to-charge ratio…
The relative abundances of chemical elements and isotopes have been our most effective tool in identifying and understanding energetic particles. The early surprise in solar energetic particles (SEPs) was 1000-fold enhancements in 3He/4He…
Abundance enhancements, during acceleration and transport in both gradual and impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events, vary approximately as power laws in the mass-to-charge ratio [A/Q] of the ions. Since the Q-values depend upon…
Abundances of elements comprising solar energetic particles (SEPs) come with two very different patterns. Historically called "impulsive" and "gradual" events, they have been studied for 40 years, 20 years by the Wind spacecraft. Gradual…
Impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events were first distinguished as the streaming electrons that produce type III radio bursts as distinct from shock-induced type II bursts. They were then observed as the surprisingly-enhanced…
Solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the small "impulsive" events, primarily accelerated during magnetic reconnection in solar jets, have strong enhancements of the abundances of increasingly heavy elements. In contrast, the shock…
Sixty years ago the first observation was published showing solar energetic particles (SEPs) with a sampling of chemical elements. Thus began study of the direct products of dynamic physics in the solar corona. As we have progressed from…
Studies of patterns of abundance enhancements of elements, relative to solar-coronal abundances, in large solar energetic-particle (SEP) events, and of their power-law dependence on the mass-to-charge ratio A/Q of the ions, have been used…
In solar energetic particle (SEP) events, the physical processes of both shock acceleration and scattering during transport can cause energy-spectral indices to be correlated with enhancement or suppression of element abundances versus…
We have studied the spatial and temporal distribution of abundances of chemical elements in large "gradual" solar energetic-particle (SEP) events, and especially the source plasma temperatures, derived from those abundances, using…
Thirty years ago Breneman and Stone observed that the enhancement or suppression of element abundances in large solar energetic-particle (SEP) events varies as a power of the mass-to-charge ratio, A/Q, of the elements. Since Q during…
We reexamine the relationship between energy spectral indices and element abundance enhancements in solar energetic particle (SEP) events at energies of a few MeV/amu. We find a correlated behavior only in the largest gradual SEP4 events…
We study event-to-event variations in the abundance enhancements of the elements He through Pb for Fe-rich impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events, and their relationship with properties of associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs)…
From a turbulent history, the study of abundances of elements in solar energetic particles (SEPs) has grown into an extensive field that probes the solar corona and the physical processes of SEP acceleration and transport. Underlying SEPs…
Based upon recent evidence from abundance patterns of chemical elements in solar energetic particles (SEPs), and, ironically, the belated inclusion of H and He, we can distinguish four basic SEP populations: (1) SEP1 - pure "impulsive" SEPs…