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The first steps toward planet formation involve the coagulation of small microscopic grains into larger and larger pebbles and rocks in gas-rich disks around young stars and brown dwarfs. Observations in the sub-millimeter can trace…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2013-07-02 L. Ricci , L. Testi , A. Natta , A. Scholz , I. de Gregorio-Monsalvo , A. Isella , J. M. Carpenter

I examine the standard model of planet formation, including pebble accretion, using numerical simulations. Planetary embryos large enough to become giant planets do not form beyond the ice line within a typical disk lifetime unless icy…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-07-06 J. E. Chambers

Pebble accretion has become a popular component to core accretion models of planet formation, and is especially relevant to the formation of compact, resonant terrestrial planetary systems. Pebbles initially form in the inner protoplanetary…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-03-06 Duncan H Forgan

Context. The localized formation of planetesimals can be triggered with the help of streaming instability when the local pebble density is high. This can happen at various locations in the disk leading to the formation of local planetesimal…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-02-05 Nicolas Kaufmann , Octavio M. Guilera , Yann Alibert , Irina L. San Sebastián

The similar orbital distances and detection rates of debris disks and the prominent rings observed in protoplanetary disks suggest a potential connection between these structures. We explore this connection with new calculations that follow…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-02-02 Joan R. Najita , Scott J. Kenyon , Benjamin C. Bromley

Recent observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed ring-like structures that can be associated to pressure maxima. Pressure maxima are known to be dust collectors and planet migration traps. Most of planet formation works are based…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-10-14 O. M. Guilera , Zs. Sándor , M. P. Ronco , J. Venturini , M. M. Miller Bertolami

The evolution of protoplanetary discs embedded in stellar clusters depends on the age and the stellar density in which they are embedded. Stellar clusters of young age and high stellar surface density destroy protoplanetary discs by…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-12-20 Nelson Ndugu , Bertram Bitsch , Edward Jurua

Recent observations suggest that the first stages of planet formation likely take place in the Class 0/I phase of Young Stellar Object evolution, when the star and the disk are still embedded in an infalling envelope. In this study we…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-04-12 Wenrui Xu , Philip J. Armitage

The conditions in the protoplanetary disc are determinant for the various planet formation mechanisms. We present a framework which combines self-consistent disc structures with the calculations of the growth rates of planetary embryos via…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-06-23 Sofia Savvidou , Bertram Bitsch

The onset of planet formation in protoplanetary disks is marked by the growth and crystallization of sub-micron-sized dust grains accompanied by dust settling toward the disk mid-plane. Here we present infrared spectra of disks around brown…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 D. Apai , I. Pascucci , J. Bouwman , A. Natta , Th. Henning , C. P. Dullemond

At least 30\% of main sequence stars host planets with sizes of between 1 and 4 Earth radii and orbital periods of less than 100 days. We use N-body simulations including a model for gas-assisted pebble accretion and disk--planet tidal…

We discuss the current state of knowledge of terrestrial planet formation from the aspects of different planet formation models and isotopic data from 182Hf-182W, U-Pb, lithophile-siderophile elements, 48Ca/44Ca isotope samples from…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-02-12 H. Lammer , R. Brasser , A. Johansen , M. Scherf , M. Leitzinger

Disk vortices, seen in numerical simulations of protoplanetary disks and found observationally in ALMA and VLA images of these objects, are promising sites for planet formation given their pebble trapping abilities. Previous works have…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-06-27 Wladimir Lyra , Chao-Chin Yang , Jacob B. Simon , Orkan M. Umurhan , Andrew N. Youdin

If planetesimal formation is an efficient process, as suggested by several models involving gravitational collapse of pebble clouds, then, before long, a significant part of the primordial dust mass should be absorbed in many km sized…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-09-18 Konstantin Gerbig , Christian T. Lenz , Hubert Klahr

Exoplanet observations show that close-in super-Earths are more common around M-dwarfs than around solar mass stars. Since the snow line in a protoplanetary disc plays a crucial role in determining the amount of solid material available for…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-10-22 Danilo A. Arturo Rodriguez , Rebecca G. Martin

The formation of solid macroscopic grains (pebbles) in protoplanetary discs is the first step toward planet formation. We aim to study the distribution of pebbles and the chemical composition of their ice mantles in a young protoplanetary…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-03-06 A. Topchieva , T. Molyarova , V. Akimkin , L. Maksimova , E. Vorobyov

We consider trends resulting from two formation mechanisms for short-period super-Earths: planet-planet scattering and migration. We model scenarios where these planets originate near the snow line in ``cold finger'' circumstellar disks.…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Grant M. Kennedy , Scott J. Kenyon

I discuss the role that disc fragmentation plays in the formation of gas giant and terrestrial planets, and how this relates to the formation of brown dwarfs and low-mass stars, and ultimately to the process of star formation. Protostellar…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-15 Dimitris Stamatellos

We investigate an in-situ formation scenario for Earth-mass terrestrial planets in short-period, potentially habitable orbits around low-mass stars (M_star < 0.3 M_sun). We then investigate the feasibility of detecting these Earth-sized…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-13 Ryan Montgomery , Greg Laughlin

In the classical core-accretion planet formation scenario, rapid inward migration and accretion timescales of kilometer size planetesimals may not favor the formation of massive cores of giant planets before the dissipation of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-07-26 O. M. Guilera , Zs. Sándor