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We show that in sudden hadronization of QGP a non-equilibrium value of the pion phase space occupancy parameter gamma_q>1 is expected in order to accommodate the entropy excess in QGP and the process of gluon fragmentation. When gamma_q is…

核理论 · 物理学 2009-10-31 Jean Letessier , Ahmed Tounsi , Johann Rafelski

The time-scales of rehadronization are considered for a baryon-free QGP at RHIC and LHC energies. The non-equilibrium nucleation scenario leads to mechanical instability of the supercooled QGP phase which then may be suddenly converted in a…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 T. Csorgo , L. P. Csernai

I develop and apply a Bayesian method for quantitatively estimating properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), an extremely hot and dense state of fluid-like matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The QGP cannot be directly…

核理论 · 物理学 2018-04-19 Jonah E. Bernhard

Major aspects of the subhadronic state of nuclear matter populated with deconfined color particles are reviewed. At high and even at rather low nuclear collision energies, this is expected to be a short-term quark-gluon plasma (QGP), but,…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2014-11-18 I. I. Royzen , E. L. Feinberg , O. D. Chernavskaya

Experimental studies of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) focus on two, in practice distinct, regimes: one in which the baryonic chemical potential $\mu_B$ is essentially zero, the other in which it is of the same order of magnitude as the…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2016-03-02 Brett McInnes

I review the foundational motivation which led us to the ultra relativistic heavy ion collision research at SPS, RHIC and now LHC: the quantum vacuum structure; the deconfined nature of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase filling the Universe…

核理论 · 物理学 2012-05-10 Jan Rafelski

Dielectrons from heavy flavor hadron decays not only constitute a crucial background to their thermal spectrum in high-energy nuclear collisions, from which the temperature of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is extracted, but also provide a…

核理论 · 物理学 2025-12-02 Lejing Zhang , Wen-Jing Xing , Shanshan Cao , Guang-You Qin

In ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions, a deconfined state of strongly interacting matter is thought to be produced, commonly known as the quark--gluon plasma (QGP). Quarkonia, bound states of a heavy quark and antiquark, are an…

高能物理 - 实验 · 物理学 2021-03-26 Wadut Shaikh

This survey offers an introductory tutorial for students of any age of the currently thriving field of hadrochemistry. We discuss the different chemical potentials, how the hadronic phase space is described and how one evaluates the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-11-07 Johann Rafelski , Jean Letessier

The hadro-chemistry of bottom quarks produced in hadronic collisions encodes valuable information on the mechanism of color-neutralization in these reactions. We first compute the chemistry of bottom-hadrons in high-energy $pp$ collisions…

核理论 · 物理学 2024-01-02 Min He

We assess transport properties of heavy quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) that show a strong non-perturbative behavior. A T-matrix approach based on a potential taken from lattice QCD hints at the presence of heavy-quark (HQ) resonant…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2015-05-30 V. Greco , H. van Hees , R. Rapp

The deconfinement transition region between hadronic matter and quark-gluon plasma is studied for finite volumes. Assuming simple model equations of state and a first order phase transition, we find that fluctuations in finite volumes…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 C. Spieles , H. Stoecker , C. Greiner

The Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), which has been predicted by various theories of quantum gravity near the Planck scale is implemented on deriving the thermodynamics of ideal Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) consisting of two massless…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2014-10-24 I. Elmashad , A. Farag Ali , L. I. Abou-Salem , Jameel-Un Nabi , A. Tawfik

It has been theorized that if heavy nuclei (e.g. Au, Pb) are collided at sufficiently high energies, we might be to recreate the conditions that existed in the universe a few microseconds after the Big Bang. The kinetic energy of the…

核实验 · 物理学 2007-07-18 Anuj K. Purwar

We calculate the lowest order charm and beauty parton distribution functions in and fragmentation functions into D and B mesons using the operator definitions of factorized perturbative QCD. In the vacuum, we find the leading corrections…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Rishi Sharma , Ivan Vitev , Ben-Wei Zhang

We consider time-scales of first-order deconfinement or chiral-symmetry restoring phase transition in high energy heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. Recently it was shown that the system must supercool below $T_c$ before the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2008-02-03 T. Csorgo , L. P. Csernai

The widespread notion that jets quenched in a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) are similar in their parton flavor composition to jets in vacuum is critically examined. We demonstrate that while the soft to semi-hard [low to intermediate transverse…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2023-08-09 Chathuranga Sirimanna , Ismail Soudi , Gojko Vujanovic , Wen-Jing Xing , Shanshan Cao , Abhijit Majumder

Strangeness flavor has turned out to be a very effective diagnostic tool of relativistic heavy ion physics. The absolute yield provides information about conditions arising in first instants of the interaction. Strange hadrons are abundant…

核理论 · 物理学 2017-08-23 Johann Rafelski , Giorgio Torrieri , Jean Letessier

We revisit the physical pictures for the hadronization of quark-gluon plasma, concentrating on the problem of entropy production during processes where the number of degrees of freedom is seemingly reduced due to color confinement. Based on…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2018-04-04 Tamas S. Biro , Zsolt Schram , Laszlo Jenkovszky

The tiny droplets of Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in high-energy nuclear collisions experience fast expansion and cooling with a lifetime of a few $\text{fm}/c$. Despite the information provided by probes such as jet quenching and…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2018-06-13 Liliana Apolinário , José Guilherme Milhano , Gavin P. Salam , Carlos A. Salgado