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Cloud providers sell their idle capacity on markets through an auction-like mechanism to increase their return on investment. The instances sold in this way are called spot instances. In spite that spot instances are usually 90% cheaper…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2016-03-08 Chenhao Qu , Rodrigo N. Calheiros , Rajkumar Buyya

Cloud computing providers are now offering their unused resources for leasing in the spot market, which has been considered the first step towards a full-fledged market economy for computational resources. Spot instances are virtual…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2011-10-28 William Voorsluys , Rajkumar Buyya

Infrastructure-as-a-Service providers are offering their unused resources in the form of variable-priced virtual machines (VMs), known as "spot instances", at prices significantly lower than their standard fixed-priced resources. To lease…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2011-11-03 William Voorsluys , Saurabh Kumar Garg , Rajkumar Buyya

In late 2009, Amazon introduced spot instances to offer their unused resources at lower cost with reduced reliability. Amazon's spot instances allow customers to bid on unused Amazon EC2 capacity and run those instances for as long as their…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2012-11-07 Sunirmal Khatua , Nandini Mukherjee

Spot instances offer a cost-effective solution for applications running in the cloud computing environment. However, it is challenging to run long-running jobs on spot instances because they are subject to unpredictable evictions. Here, we…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-10-07 Ashley Tung , Haiyan Wang , Yue Li , Zhong Wang , Jingchao Sun

Cost optimization is a common goal of workflow schedulers operating in cloud computing environments. The use of spot instances is a potential means of achieving this goal, as they are offered by cloud providers at discounted prices compared…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-08-07 Amanda Jayanetti , Saman Halgamuge , Rajkumar Buyya

Cloud computing delivers value to users by facilitating their access to computing capacity in periods when their need arises. An approach is to provide both on-demand and spot services on shared servers. The former allows users to access…

性能 · 计算机科学 2019-09-04 Xiaohu Wu , Francesco De Pellegrini , Guanyu Gao , Giuliano Casale

The increasing reliance on dynamic pricing models, such as spot instances, in public cloud environments presents new challenges for workload scheduling and reliability. While these models offer cost advantages, they introduce volatility and…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Christoph Goldgruber , Benedikt Pittl , Erich Schikuta

Cloud computing is becoming an almost ubiquitous part of the computing landscape. For many companies today, moving their entire infrastructure and workloads to the cloud reduces complexity, time to deployment, and saves money. Spot…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-07-30 Nnamdi Ekwe-Ekwe , Adam Barker

As foundation models grow in size, fine-tuning them becomes increasingly expensive. While GPU spot instances offer a low-cost alternative to on-demand resources, their volatile prices and availability make deadline-aware scheduling…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-25 Linggao Kong , Yuedong Xu , Lei Jiao , Chuan Xu

Many businesses possess a small infrastructure that they can use for their computing tasks, but also often buy extra computing resources from clouds. Cloud vendors such as Amazon EC2 offer two types of purchase options: on-demand and spot…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-08-13 Xiaohu Wu , Patrick Loiseau , Esa Hyytia

Amazon EC2 provides two most popular pricing schemes--i) the {\em costly} on-demand instance where the job is guaranteed to be completed, and ii) the {\em cheap} spot instance where a job may be interrupted. We consider a user can select a…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-12-03 Yang Zhang , Arnob Ghosh , Vaneet Aggarwal

Cloud platforms have emerged as a prominent environment to execute high performance computing (HPC) applications providing on-demand resources as well as scalability. They usually offer different classes of Virtual Machines (VMs) which…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-10-25 Luan Teylo , Lúcia Maria de A. Drummond , Luciana Arantes , Pierre Sens

Cloud service platforms increasingly rely on elastic infrastructures to support dynamic workloads. Spot instances provide discounted computing resources but introduce uncertainty due to dynamic pricing, resource availability, and…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Javier Fabra , Enrique Molina-Giménez , Pedro García-López

Cloud vendors offer discounted spot instances to maximize surplus resource utilization, but these instances are subject to the risk of sudden interruption. Traditional pricing datasets have been employed to predict this risk, yet recent…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Taeyoon Kim , Kyumin Kim , Kyunghwan Kim , Hayoung Kim , Seungwoo Jeong , Moohyun Song , Kyungyong Lee

Spot instances are virtual machines offered at 60-90% lower cost that can be reclaimed at any time, with only a short warning period. Spot instances have already been used to significantly reduce the cost of processing workloads in the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-05-24 Malte Brodmann , Nikolas Ioannou , Bernard Metzler , Jonas Pfefferle , Ana Klimovic

Cloud spot markets rent VMs for a variable price that is typically much lower than the price of on-demand VMs, which makes them attractive for a wide range of large-scale applications. However, applications that run on spot VMs suffer from…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-09-11 Supreeth Shastri , David Irwin

Premier cloud service providers (CSPs) offer two types of purchase options, namely on-demand and spot instances, with time-varying features in availability and price. Users like startups have to operate on a limited budget and similarly…

性能 · 计算机科学 2021-06-04 Xiaohu Wu , Han Yu , Giuliano Casale , Guanyu Gao

Cloud users aim to minimize cost while maximizing performance by selecting the most suitable instance types for their workloads. To reduce expenses, spot instances have been widely adopted due to their steep discounts compared to on-demand…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Taeyoon Kim , Kyumin Kim , Enrique Molina-Giménez , Pedro García-López , Kyungyong Lee

We study the problem of scheduling delay-sensitive jobs over spot and on-demand cloud instances to minimize average cost while meeting an average delay constraint. Jobs arrive as a general stochastic process, and incur different costs based…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Neelkamal Bhuyan , Randeep Bhatia , Murali Kodialam , TV Lakshman
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