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Contextual bandits serve as a fundamental model for many sequential decision making tasks. The most popular theoretically justified approaches are based on the optimism principle. While these algorithms can be practical, they are known to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-17 Botao Hao , Tor Lattimore , Csaba Szepesvari

Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) is a compelling approach that addresses the challenge of learning from limited, static data by generating imaginary trajectories using learned models. However, these approaches often struggle…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-04 Kwanyoung Park , Youngwoon Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful method for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Outcome-based RL, which rewards policies solely for the correctness of the final answer, yields substantial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Yuda Song , Julia Kempe , Remi Munos

We study episodic reinforcement learning (RL) in non-stationary linear kernel Markov decision processes (MDPs). In this setting, both the reward function and the transition kernel are linear with respect to the given feature maps and are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Han Zhong , Zhongren Chen , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Csaba Szepesvári

We show how to take any two parameter-free online learning algorithms with different regret guarantees and obtain a single algorithm whose regret is the minimum of the two base algorithms. Our method is embarrassingly simple: just add the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-02-26 Ashok Cutkosky

We consider model-based reinforcement learning in finite Markov De- cision Processes (MDPs), focussing on so-called optimistic strategies. In MDPs, optimism can be implemented by carrying out extended value it- erations under a constraint…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2011-09-22 Sarah Filippi , Olivier Cappé , Aurélien Garivier

Recent methods for imitation learning directly learn a $Q$-function using an implicit reward formulation rather than an explicit reward function. However, these methods generally require implicit reward regularization to improve stability…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-02 Firas Al-Hafez , Davide Tateo , Oleg Arenz , Guoping Zhao , Jan Peters

Exploration is widely regarded as one of the most challenging aspects of reinforcement learning (RL), with many naive approaches succumbing to exponential sample complexity. To isolate the challenges of exploration, we propose a new…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-10 Chi Jin , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Max Simchowitz , Tiancheng Yu

Language model alignment (or, reinforcement learning) techniques that leverage active exploration -- deliberately encouraging the model to produce diverse, informative responses -- offer the promise of super-human capabilities. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-17 Dylan J. Foster , Zakaria Mhammedi , Dhruv Rohatgi

The use of pessimism, when reasoning about datasets lacking exhaustive exploration has recently gained prominence in offline reinforcement learning. Despite the robustness it adds to the algorithm, overly pessimistic reasoning can be…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-25 Tengyang Xie , Ching-An Cheng , Nan Jiang , Paul Mineiro , Alekh Agarwal

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that enables an intelligent agent to learn an optimal policy that maximizes the cumulative rewards in sequential decision making. Most of methods in the existing…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-01-06 Chengchun Shi , Zhengling Qi , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou

The $Q$-function is a central quantity in many Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms for which RL agents behave following a (soft)-greedy policy w.r.t. to $Q$. It is a powerful tool that allows action selection without a model of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-01 Nino Vieillard , Marcin Andrychowicz , Anton Raichuk , Olivier Pietquin , Matthieu Geist

Balancing exploration and exploitation remains a key challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). State-of-the-art RL algorithms suffer from high sample complexity, particularly in the sparse reward case, where they can do no better than to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-01-22 Philippe Morere , Gilad Francis , Tom Blau , Fabio Ramos

Model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) works well when experience can be collected cheaply and model-based RL is effective when system dynamics can be modeled accurately. However, both assumptions can be violated in real world problems such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-05-07 Mohak Bhardwaj , Ankur Handa , Dieter Fox , Byron Boots

Motivated by the prevailing paradigm of using unsupervised learning for efficient exploration in reinforcement learning (RL) problems [tang2017exploration,bellemare2016unifying], we investigate when this paradigm is provably efficient. We…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-02 Fei Feng , Ruosong Wang , Wotao Yin , Simon S. Du , Lin F. Yang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved impressive performance in a variety of online settings in which an agent's ability to query the environment for transitions and rewards is effectively unlimited. However, in many practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-06 Anurag Ajay , Aviral Kumar , Pulkit Agrawal , Sergey Levine , Ofir Nachum

The main challenge for adaptive regulation of linear-quadratic systems is the trade-off between identification and control. An adaptive policy needs to address both the estimation of unknown dynamics parameters (exploration), as well as the…

系统与控制 · 计算机科学 2019-04-01 Mohamad Kazem Shirani Faradonbeh , Ambuj Tewari , George Michailidis

The balance between exploration and exploitation is a key problem for reinforcement learning methods, especially for Q-learning. In this paper, a fidelity-based probabilistic Q-learning (FPQL) approach is presented to naturally solve this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-06-11 Chunlin Chen , Daoyi Dong , Han-Xiong Li , Jian Chu , Tzyh-Jong Tarn

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a fundamental framework for sequential decision-making, in which an agent learns an optimal policy through interactions with an unknown environment. In settings with function approximation, many existing RL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Ruiquan Huang , Donghao Li , Yingbin Liang , Jing Yang

Inference-time compute scaling has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving language model performance on a wide range of tasks, but the question of how best to use the additional compute remains open. A popular approach is BoN…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Zhuohao Yu , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Adam Block