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Many blockchain consensus protocols have been proposed recently to scale the throughput of a blockchain with available bandwidth. However, these protocols are becoming increasingly complex, making it more and more difficult to produce…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-05-09 Haifeng Yu , Ivica Nikolic , Ruomu Hou , Prateek Saxena

As of July 15, 2023, Ethererum, which is a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain [1] has around 410 Billion USD in total assets on chain (popularly referred to as total-value-locked, TVL) but has only 33 Billion USD worth of ETH staked in…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-01-12 Soubhik Deb , Robert Raynor , Sreeram Kannan

Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are a recent innovation in organizational structures, which are already widely used in the blockchain ecosystem. We empirically study the on-chain governance systems of 21 DAOs and open source…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2023-03-01 Rainer Feichtinger , Robin Fritsch , Yann Vonlanthen , Roger Wattenhofer

The continuing expansion of the blockchain ecosystems has attracted much attention from the research community. However, although a large number of research studies have been proposed to understand the diverse characteristics of individual…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-10-15 Ningyu He , Weihang Su , Zhou Yu , Xinyu Liu , Fengyi Zhao , Haoyu Wang , Xiapu Luo , Gareth Tyson , Lei Wu , Yao Guo

The comparative analysis examined eleven Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus-based blockchain networks to assess their openness based on five indicative metrics. These metrics include those of decentralization-related aspects, such as the number…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-05-23 Jiseong Noh , Donghwan Kwon , Soohwan Cho , Neo C. K. Yiu

This objective of this report is to review existing enterprise blockchain technologies - EOSIO powered systems, Hyperledger Fabric and Besu, Consensus Quorum, R3 Corda and Ernst and Young's Nightfall - that provide data privacy while…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-05-05 Jack Tanner , Roshaan Khan

Bitcoin blockchain uses hash-based Proof-of-Work (PoW) that prevents unwanted participants from hogging the network resources. Anyone entering the mining game has to prove that they have expended a specific amount of computational power.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-22 Diptendu Chatterjee , Avishek Majumder , Subhra Mazumdar

The distributed consensus mechanism is the backbone of the rapidly developing blockchain network. Blockchain platforms consume vast amounts of electricity based on the current consensus mechanism of Proof of Work. Here, we point out an…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2022-01-19 Xiaoyang Shi , Hang Xiao , Weifeng Liu , Xi Chen , Klaus. S. Lackner , Vitalik Buterin , Thomas F. Stocker

Blockchain has been regarded as a promising technology for Internet of Things (IoT), since it provides significant solutions for decentralized network which can address trust and security concerns, high maintenance cost problem, etc. The…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-07-24 Bin Cao , Yixin Li , Lei Zhang , Long Zhang , Shahid Mumtaz , Zhenyu Zhou , Mugen Peng

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) have emerged as a novel governance mechanism in blockchain ecosystems, particularly within Decentralized Finance (DeFi). By enabling token holders to propose and vote on protocol changes, these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Johnnatan Messias , Vabuk Pahari , Balakrishnan Chandrasekaran , Krishna P. Gummadi , Patrick Loiseau

With the increasing adoption of decentralized information systems based on a variety of permissionless blockchain networks, the choice of consensus mechanism is at the core of many controversial discussions. Ethereum's recent transition…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-02-01 Iván Abellán Álvarez , Vincent Gramlich , Johannes Sedlmeir

A decentralized application (dapp for short) refers to an application that is executed by multiple users over a decentralized network. In recent years, the number of dapp keeps fast growing, mainly due to the popularity of blockchain…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-02-14 Kaidong Wu

Achieving the equilibrium between scalability, sustainability, and security while keeping decentralization has prevailed as the target solution for decentralized blockchain applications over the last years. Several approaches have been…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-09-23 Mikel Cortes-Goicoechea , Leonardo Bautista-Gomez

In a blockchain system, consensus protocol as an incentive and security mechanism, is to ensure the participants to build the block honestly and effectively. There are different consensus protocols for blockchain, like Proof of work (PoW),…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-03-25 Zhongli Dong , Young Choon Lee , Albert Y. Zomaya

While Proof-of-Work (PoW) is the most widely used consensus mechanism for blockchain, it received harsh criticism due to its massive waste of energy for meaningless hash calculation. Some studies have introduced Proof-of-Stake to address…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-04-02 Weilin Zheng , Xu Chen , Zibin Zheng , Xiapu Luo , Jiahui Cui

Proof-of-work (PoW) cryptocurrency blockchains like Bitcoin secure vast amounts of money. Their operators, called miners, expend resources to generate blocks and receive monetary rewards for their effort. Blockchains are, in principle,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-11-06 Michael Mirkin , Yan Ji , Jonathan Pang , Ariah Klages-Mundt , Ittay Eyal , Ari Juels

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) are blockchain-based organizations that facilitate decentralized governance. Today, DAOs not only hold billions of dollars in their treasury but also govern many of the most popular…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-08-08 Rainer Feichtinger , Robin Fritsch , Lioba Heimbach , Yann Vonlanthen , Roger Wattenhofer

Proof-of-stake blockchain protocols have emerged as a compelling paradigm for organizing distributed ledger systems. In proof-of-stake (PoS), a subset of stakeholders participate in validating a growing ledger of transactions. For the…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2024-07-12 Aggelos Kiayias , Elias Koutsoupias , Francisco Marmolejo-Cossio , Aikaterini-Panagiota Stouka

Blockchain networks provide a reliable trust anchor to decentralized applications (DApps) backed by smart contracts. The Ethereum ecosystem now encompasses most blockchain networks that provide compatible support for smart contracts code.…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-04-16 Cătălina Lazăr , Gabriela Secrieru , Emanuel Onica

Countries like Estonia, Norway or Australia developed electronic voting systems, which could be used to realize parliamentary elections with the help of personal computers and the Internet. These systems are completely different in their…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2017-02-10 Christian Meter