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Security of information passing through the Internet is threatened by today's most advanced malware ranging from orchestrated botnets to simpler polymorphic worms. These threats, as examples of zero-day attacks, are able to change their…

The use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) has taken a prominent role in the network security management field, due to the substantial number of sophisticated attacks that often pass undetected through…

Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is a key component in securing the computer network from various cyber security threats and network attacks. However, consider an unfortunate situation where the NIDS is itself attacked and…

This survey systematizes the evolution of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), from conventional methods such as signature-based and neural network (NN)-based approaches to recent integrations with large language models (LLMs). It…

Adversarial examples can represent a serious threat to machine learning (ML) algorithms. If used to manipulate the behaviour of ML-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS), they can jeopardize network security. In this work, we aim…

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is the next generation to change the architecture of traditional networks. SDN is one of the promising solutions to change the architecture of internet networks. Attacks become more common due to the…

Due to their massive success in various domains, deep learning techniques are increasingly used to design network intrusion detection solutions that detect and mitigate unknown and known attacks with high accuracy detection rates and…

Network attack is a significant security issue for modern society. From small mobile devices to large cloud platforms, almost all computing products, used in our daily life, are networked and potentially under the threat of network…

Deep learning (DL) methods have been widely applied to anomaly-based network intrusion detection system (NIDS) to detect malicious traffic. To expand the usage scenarios of DL-based methods, federated learning (FL) allows multiple users to…

As the number of cyberattacks and their particualr nature escalate, the need for effective intrusion detection systems (IDS) has become indispensable for ensuring the security of contemporary networks. Adaptive and more sophisticated…

Adversarial attacks pose significant challenges to Machine Learning (ML) systems and especially Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) by subtly manipulating inputs to induce incorrect predictions. This paper investigates whether increasing the layer…

Machine learning (ML), especially deep learning (DL) techniques have been increasingly used in anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). However, ML/DL has shown to be extremely vulnerable to adversarial attacks, especially…

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm, which evolved in recent years to address the weaknesses in traditional networks. The significant feature of the SDN, which is achieved by disassociating the control plane from the…

Machine learning (ML)-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) play a critical role in discovering unknown threats in a large-scale cyberspace. They have been adopted as a mainstream hunting method in many organizations, such as financial…

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) detect intrusion attacks in network traffic. In particular, machine-learning-based NIDSs have attracted attention because of their high detection rates of unknown attacks. A distributed processing…

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) is a promising approach to tackle the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks. However, since Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL)…

A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is an important tool that identifies potential threats to a network. Recently, different flow-based NIDS designs utilizing Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed as potential…

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are essential for securing networks by identifying and mitigating unauthorized activities indicative of cyberattacks. As cyber threats grow increasingly sophisticated, NIDS must evolve to detect…

State-of-the-art deep learning (DL)-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) offer limited "explainability". For example, how do they make their decisions? Do they suffer from hidden correlations? Prior works have applied…

With the growth of adversarial attacks against machine learning models, several concerns have emerged about potential vulnerabilities in designing deep neural network-based intrusion detection systems (IDS). In this paper, we study the…