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Converting low-frequency electrical signals into much higher frequency optical signals has enabled modern communications networks to leverage both the strengths of microfabricated electrical circuits and optical fiber transmission, allowing…

Superconducting microwave circuits form a versatile platform for storing and manipulating quantum information. A major challenge to further scalability is to find approaches for connecting these systems over long distances and at high…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-10-11 Marek Pechal , Amir H. Safavi-Naeini

Hybrid superconducting-photonic microresonators are a promising platform for realizing microwave-to-optical transduction. However, the absorption of scattered photons by the superconductors leads to unintended microwave resonance frequency…

应用物理 · 物理学 2022-11-22 Yuntao Xu , Wei Fu , Yiyu Zhou , Mingrui Xu , Mohan Shen , Ayed Al Sayem , Hong X. Tang

Quantum information technology based on solid state qubits has created much interest in converting quantum states from the microwave to the optical domain. Optical photons, unlike microwave photons, can be transmitted by fiber, making them…

We propose a low noise, triply-resonant, electro-optic (EO) scheme for quantum microwave-to-optical conversion based on coupled nanophotonics resonators integrated with a superconducting qubit. Our optical system features a split resonance…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-11-02 Mohammad Soltani , Mian Zhang , Colm A. Ryan , Guilhem J. Ribeill , Cheng Wang , Marko Loncar

The development of scalable quantum networks requires coherent interfaces capable of converting microwave photons used in superconducting quantum processors into optical photons suitable for long-distance fiber transmission. This review…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-27 Tarvir Anjum Aditto , Jaiyan Sadid Ifty , Khondokar Zahin

Electrically actuated optomechanical resonators provide a route to quantum-coherent, bidirectional conversion of microwave and optical photons. Such devices could enable optical interconnection of quantum computers based on qubits operating…

The conversion between microwave photons and optical photons with quantum coherence is important for quantum communication and computation. In this paper, we report a proposal using an ensemble of atoms coupled to microwave and optical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-09-04 Mingxia Huo

Future quantum networks in which superconducting quantum processors are connected via optical links, will require microwave-to-optical photon converters that preserve entanglement. A doubly-resonant electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a…

A quantum network that distributes and processes entanglement would enable powerful new computers and sensors. Optical photons with a frequency of a few hundred terahertz are perhaps the only way to distribute quantum information over long…

The quantum transduction, or equivalently quantum frequency conversion, is vital for the realization of, e.g., quantum networks, distributed quantum computing, and quantum repeaters. The microwave-to-optical quantum transduction is of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-24 Akihiko Sekine , Ryo Murakami , Yoshiyasu Doi

Optomechanical crystals (OMCs) enable coherent interactions between optical photons and microwave acoustic phonons, and represent a platform for implementing quantum transduction between microwave and optical signals. Optical…

We demonstrate an optical data wavelength converter based on an electrically driven photonic molecule structure comprising two coupled active silicon microring resonators. The converter, supplied by a continuous-wave (CW) microwave drive…

光学 · 物理学 2020-05-12 Hayk Gevorgyan , Anatol Khilo , Miloš A. Popović

We demonstrate an efficient and continuous microwave photon to electron converter with large quantum efficiency ($83\%$) and low dark current. These unique properties are enabled by the use of a high kinetic inductance disordered…

We describe a scheme to coherently convert a microwave photon of a superconducting co-planar waveguide resonator to an optical photon emitted into a well-defined temporal and spatial mode. The conversion is realized by a cold atomic…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-07-25 David Petrosyan , Klaus Mølmer , József Fortágh , Mark Saffman

Quantum states encoded in microwave photons or qubits can be effectively manipulated, whereas optical photons can be coherently transferred via optical fibre and waveguide. The reversible conversion of quantum states between microwave and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-01-20 Lin Tian

Linking classical microwave electrical circuits to the optical telecommunication band is at the core of modern communication. Future quantum information networks will require coherent microwave-to-optical conversion to link electronic…

The quantum transduction between microwave and optical photons is essential for realizing scalable quantum computers with superconducting qubits. Due to the large frequency difference between microwave and optical ranges, the transduction…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2024-09-04 Akihiko Sekine , Mari Ohfuchi , Yoshiyasu Doi

Photonic addressing of superconducting circuits has been proposed to overcome wiring complexity and heat load challenges, but superconducting-photonic links suffer from an efficiency-noise trade-off that limits scalability. This trade-off…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-06-21 Kevin K. S. Multani , Wentao Jiang , Emilio A. Nanni , Amir H. Safavi-Naeini

Scaling up superconducting quantum processors remains a central challenge for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation. Although distributed architectures based on optical photons offer a promising route to scalability, they require an…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-18 Kyosuke Goto , Hodaka Kurokawa , Hideo Kosaka , Kazuki Koshino