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Hierarchical Text Categorization (HTC) is becoming increasingly important with the rapidly growing amount of text data available in the World Wide Web. Among the different strategies proposed to cope with HTC, the Local Classifier per Node…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2012-06-05 Nima Hatami , Camelia Chira , Giuliano Armano

Register Transfer Level (RTL) design validation is a crucial stage in the hardware design process. We present a new approach to enhancing RTL design validation using available software techniques and tools. Our approach converts the source…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2016-02-22 Yu Zhang , Wenlong Feng , Mengxing Huang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) remain critically vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing post-training detectors often require clean or surrogate data, gradients, or iterative trigger reconstruction, leading to high computational costs and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Yinbo Yu , Xueyu Yin , Jing Fang , Chunwei Tian , Qi Zhu , Jiajia Liu , Daoqiang Zhang

Logic locking protects an IC from threats such as piracy of design IP and unauthorized overproduction throughout the IC supply chain. Out of the several techniques proposed by the research community, provably-secure logic locking (PSLL) has…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-09-07 Satwik Patnaik , Nimisha Limaye , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Due to the current horizontal business model that promotes increasing reliance on untrusted third-party Intellectual Properties (IPs), CAD tools, and design facilities, hardware Trojan attacks have become a serious threat to the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-04-20 Jonathan Cruz , Pravin Gaikwad , Abhishek Nair , Prabuddha Chakraborty , Swarup Bhunia

Deep Learning (DL) has become a key technology that assists radio frequency (RF) signal classification applications, such as modulation classification. However, the DL models are vulnerable to adversarial machine learning threats, such as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Younes Salmi , Hanna Bogucka

AI models are often regarded as valuable intellectual property due to the high cost of their development, the competitive advantage they provide, and the proprietary techniques involved in their creation. As a result, AI model stealing…

An emerging amount of intelligent applications have been developed with the surge of Machine Learning (ML). Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated unprecedented performance across various fields such as medical diagnosis and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-04-22 Xinqiao Zhang , Huili Chen , Farinaz Koushanfar

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential with code generation/completion tasks for hardware design. In fact, LLM-based hardware description language (HDL) code generation has enabled the industry to realize…

With ever advancing in digital system, security has been emerged as a major concern. Many researchers all around the world come up with solutions to address various challenges that are crucial for industry and market. The aim of this survey…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-01-03 Payman Behnam

Machine learning (ML) models that use deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Such attacks involve the insertion of a (hidden) trigger by an adversary. As a consequence, any input that contains the trigger will cause the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-03-30 Arezoo Rajabi , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to Trojan attacks. Existing attacks use visible patterns (e.g., a patch or image transformations) as triggers, which are vulnerable to human inspection. In this paper, we propose stealthy and efficient…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-05-27 Zhenting Wang , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma

Obfuscation is a technique for protecting hardware intellectual property (IP) blocks against reverse engineering, piracy, and malicious modifications. Current obfuscation efforts mainly focus on functional locking of a design to prevent…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-10-01 Prabuddha Chakraborty , Jonathan Cruz , Swarup Bhunia

Deep neural networks have been shown to be vulnerable to backdoor, or trojan, attacks where an adversary has embedded a trigger in the network at training time such that the model correctly classifies all standard inputs, but generates a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-08 Greg Fields , Mohammad Samragh , Mojan Javaheripi , Farinaz Koushanfar , Tara Javidi

With the popularity of deep learning (DL), artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in many areas of human life. Neural network or artificial neural network (NN), the main technique behind DL, has been extensively studied to facilitate…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-12-04 Minhui Zou , Yang Shi , Chengliang Wang , Fangyu Li , WenZhan Song , Yu Wang

Machine Learning (ML) techniques are becoming an invaluable support for network intrusion detection, especially in revealing anomalous flows, which often hide cyber-threats. Typically, ML algorithms are exploited to classify/recognize data…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-04-13 Mario Di Mauro , Giovanni Galatro , Giancarlo Fortino , Antonio Liotta

The accelerated development of social media websites has posed intricate security issues in cyberspace, where these sites have increasingly become victims of criminal activities including attempts to intrude into them, abnormal traffic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Aditi Sanjay Agrawal

Designers use third-party intellectual property (IP) cores and outsource various steps in the integrated circuit (IC) design and manufacturing flow. As a result, security vulnerabilities have been rising. This is forcing IC designers and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-03-07 Hammond Pearce , Ramesh Karri , Benjamin Tan

Internet has played a vital role in this modern world, the possibilities and opportunities offered are limitless. Despite all the hype, Internet services are liable to intrusion attack that could tamper the confidentiality and integrity of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2009-06-23 M. A. Faizal , M. Mohd Zaki , S. Shahrin , Y. Robiah , S. Siti Rahayu , B. Nazrulazhar

While effective backdoor detection and inversion schemes have been developed for AIs used e.g. for images, there are challenges in "porting" these methods to LLMs. First, the LLM input space is discrete, which precludes gradient-based…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Zhengxing Li , Guangmingmei Yang , Jayaram Raghuram , David J. Miller , George Kesidis