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Recent theoretical work has demonstrated that deep neural networks have superior performance over shallow networks, but their training is more difficult, e.g., they suffer from the vanishing gradient problem. This problem can be typically…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-11-03 Lu Lu , Yanhui Su , George Em Karniadakis

Despite remarkable performance on a variety of tasks, many properties of deep neural networks are not yet theoretically understood. One such mystery is the depth degeneracy phenomenon: the deeper you make your network, the closer your…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-11-18 Cameron Jakub , Mihai Nica

Discrete time stochastic optimal control problems and Markov decision processes (MDPs) are fundamental models for sequential decision-making under uncertainty and as such provide the mathematical framework underlying reinforcement learning…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-07-01 Arnulf Jentzen , Konrad Kleinberg , Thomas Kruse

It is commonly recognized that the expressiveness of deep neural networks is contingent upon a range of factors, encompassing their depth, width, and other relevant considerations. Currently, the practical performance of the majority of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-08 Xuan Qi , Yi Wei

A key attribute that drives the unprecedented success of modern Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) on learning tasks which involve sequential data, is their ability to model intricate long-term temporal dependencies. However, a well…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-06-07 Yoav Levine , Or Sharir , Alon Ziv , Amnon Shashua

The impressive expressive power of deep neural networks (DNNs) underlies their widespread applicability. However, while the theoretical capacity of deep architectures is high, the practical expressive power achieved through successful…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-21 Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Guannan Zhang

We study approximation and statistical learning properties of deep ReLU networks under structural assumptions that mitigate the curse of dimensionality. We prove minimax-optimal uniform approximation rates for $s$-H\"older smooth functions…

统计理论 · 数学 2026-02-06 Thomas Nagler , Sophie Langer

In this paper we consider Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with a smooth activation function as surrogates for high-dimensional functions that are somewhat smooth but costly to evaluate. We consider the standard (non-periodic) DNNs as well as…

数值分析 · 数学 2026-03-04 Alexander Keller , Frances Y. Kuo , Dirk Nuyens , Ian H. Sloan

In 2017, Hanin and Sellke showed that the class of arbitrarily deep, real-valued, feed-forward and ReLU-activated networks of width w forms a dense subset of the space of continuous functions on R^n, with respect to the topology of uniform…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Joris Dommel , Sven A. Wegner

The benefits of depth in feedforward neural networks are well known: composing multiple layers of linear transformations with nonlinear activations enables complex computations. While similar effects are expected in recurrent neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Maude Lizaire , Michael Rizvi-Martel , Éric Dupuis , Guillaume Rabusseau

We study ReLU deep neural networks (DNNs) by investigating their connections with the hierarchical basis method in finite element methods. First, we show that the approximation schemes of ReLU DNNs for $x^2$ and $xy$ are composition…

数值分析 · 数学 2022-08-09 Juncai He , Lin Li , Jinchao Xu

Deep neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLU) are getting more and more popular due to their universal representation power and successful applications. Some theoretical progress regarding the approximation power of deep ReLU…

数值分析 · 数学 2020-02-28 Bo Li , Shanshan Tang , Haijun Yu

In practice, multi-task learning (through learning features shared among tasks) is an essential property of deep neural networks (NNs). While infinite-width limits of NNs can provide good intuition for their generalization behavior, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-21 Jakob Heiss , Josef Teichmann , Hanna Wutte

We show that deep networks are better than shallow networks at approximating functions that can be expressed as a composition of functions described by a directed acyclic graph, because the deep networks can be designed to have the same…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-26 H. N. Mhaskar , T. Poggio

We study the approximation of the median of $d$ inputs using ReLU neural networks. We present depth-width tradeoffs under several settings, culminating in a constant-depth, linear-width construction that achieves exponentially small…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Abhigyan Dutta , Itay Safran , Paul Valiant

Deep learning is recognized to be capable of discovering deep features for representation learning and pattern recognition without requiring elegant feature engineering techniques by taking advantage of human ingenuity and prior knowledge.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-02 Zhi Han , Siquan Yu , Shao-Bo Lin , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Deep neural networks' remarkable ability to correctly fit training data when optimized by gradient-based algorithms is yet to be fully understood. Recent theoretical results explain the convergence for ReLU networks that are wider than…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-09 Asaf Noy , Yi Xu , Yonathan Aflalo , Lihi Zelnik-Manor , Rong Jin

We solve an open question from Lu et al. (2017), by showing that any target network with inputs in $\mathbb{R}^d$ can be approximated by a width $O(d)$ network (independent of the target network's architecture), whose number of parameters…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-02 Gal Vardi , Gilad Yehudai , Ohad Shamir

We contribute to a better understanding of the class of functions that can be represented by a neural network with ReLU activations and a given architecture. Using techniques from mixed-integer optimization, polyhedral theory, and tropical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-18 Christoph Hertrich , Amitabh Basu , Marco Di Summa , Martin Skutella

Deep neural networks (DNNs), particularly those using Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation functions, have achieved remarkable success across diverse machine learning tasks, including image recognition, audio processing, and language…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Emi Zeger , Mert Pilanci