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Adaptive optimization algorithms, particularly Adam and its variant AdamW, are fundamental components of modern deep learning. However, their training dynamics lack comprehensive theoretical understanding, with limited insight into why…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-23 Rhys Gould , Hidenori Tanaka

In this work, we offer a theoretical analysis of two modern optimization techniques for training large and complex models: (i) adaptive optimization algorithms, such as Adam, and (ii) the model exponential moving average (EMA).…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-31 Kwangjun Ahn , Ashok Cutkosky

Deep neural networks are traditionally trained using human-designed stochastic optimization algorithms, such as SGD and Adam. Recently, the approach of learning to optimize network parameters has emerged as a promising research topic.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-11-26 Shipeng Wang , Jian Sun , Zongben Xu

Adaptive optimization methods are well known to achieve superior convergence relative to vanilla gradient methods. The traditional viewpoint in optimization, particularly in convex optimization, explains this improved performance by arguing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-07 Kaiqi Jiang , Dhruv Malik , Yuanzhi Li

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization methods are nowadays the method of choice for the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) in artificial intelligence systems. In practically relevant training problems, usually not the plain…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-08-01 Steffen Dereich , Arnulf Jentzen

The Adam optimizer is currently presumably the most popular optimization method in deep learning. In this article we develop an ODE based method to study the Adam optimizer in a fast-slow scaling regime. For fixed momentum parameters and…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-11-07 Steffen Dereich , Arnulf Jentzen , Sebastian Kassing

The best performing Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) are usually attained using Adam optimization and its multi-step training variants. However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies explore the fundamental reasons why Adam is superior to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-22 Zechun Liu , Zhiqiang Shen , Shichao Li , Koen Helwegen , Dong Huang , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Adam is a widely used stochastic optimization method for deep learning applications. While practitioners prefer Adam because it requires less parameter tuning, its use is problematic from a theoretical point of view since it may not…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-25 Mingrui Liu , Wei Zhang , Francesco Orabona , Tianbao Yang

Adam is widely recognized as one of the most effective optimizers for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its remarkable empirical success, its theoretical convergence analysis remains unsatisfactory. Existing works predominantly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-10 Hanyang Peng , Shuang Qin , Yue Yu , Fangqing Jiang , Hui Wang , Zhouchen Lin

Many adaptive optimization methods have been proposed and used in deep learning, in which Adam is regarded as the default algorithm and widely used in many deep learning frameworks. Recently, many variants of Adam, such as Adabound, RAdam…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-05 Wei Yuan , Kai-Xin Gao

We introduce Adam, an algorithm for first-order gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions, based on adaptive estimates of lower-order moments. The method is straightforward to implement, is computationally efficient, has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-01-31 Diederik P. Kingma , Jimmy Ba

Adaptive optimizers, most notably Adam, have become the default standard for training large-scale neural networks such as Transformers. These methods maintain running estimates of gradient first and second moments, incurring substantial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Yao Lu , Dengdong Fan , Shixun Zhang , Yonghong Tian

Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) is a cornerstone optimization algorithm in deep learning, widely recognized for its flexibility with adaptive learning rates and efficiency in handling large-scale data. However, despite its practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Ruinan Jin , Xiao Li , Yaoliang Yu , Baoxiang Wang

The Adaptive Momentum Estimation (Adam) algorithm is highly effective in training various deep learning tasks. Despite this, there's limited theoretical understanding for Adam, especially when focusing on its vanilla form in non-convex…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-02-25 Yusu Hong , Junhong Lin

Adam is shown not being able to converge to the optimal solution in certain cases. Researchers recently propose several algorithms to avoid the issue of non-convergence of Adam, but their efficiency turns out to be unsatisfactory in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-25 Zhiming Zhou , Qingru Zhang , Guansong Lu , Hongwei Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Optimizing non-convex functions is of primary importance in the vast majority of machine learning algorithms. Even though many gradient descent based algorithms have been studied, successive convex approximation based algorithms have been…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2019-03-06 Amrit Singh Bedi , Ketan Rajawat , Vaneet Aggarwal

In the context of stochastic gradient descent(SGD) and adaptive moment estimation (Adam),researchers have recently proposed optimization techniques that transition from Adam to SGD with the goal of improving both convergence and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-07-01 Jiaxuan Wang , Jenna Wiens

A common way to train neural networks is the Backpropagation. This algorithm includes a gradient descent method, which needs an adaptive step size. In the area of neural networks, the ADAM-Optimizer is one of the most popular adaptive step…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-04-30 Sebastian Bock , Josef Goppold , Martin Weiß

Adaptive gradient optimization methods, such as Adam, are prevalent in training deep neural networks across diverse machine learning tasks due to their ability to achieve faster convergence. However, these methods often suffer from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-12 Abulikemu Abuduweili , Changliu Liu

This paper provides the first tight convergence analyses for RMSProp and Adam in non-convex optimization under the most relaxed assumptions of coordinate-wise generalized smoothness and affine noise variance. We first analyze RMSProp, which…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-03-11 Qi Zhang , Yi Zhou , Shaofeng Zou