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Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn an effective policy from a static dataset. To alleviate extrapolation errors, existing studies often uniformly regularize the value function or policy updates across all states. However, due…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Qin-Wen Luo , Ming-Kun Xie , Ye-Wen Wang , Sheng-Jun Huang

This paper studies systematic exploration for reinforcement learning with rich observations and function approximation. We introduce a new model called contextual decision processes, that unifies and generalizes most prior settings. Our…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-12-02 Nan Jiang , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Alekh Agarwal , John Langford , Robert E. Schapire

In this paper, we aim to develop a simple and scalable reinforcement learning algorithm that uses standard supervised learning methods as subroutines. Our goal is an algorithm that utilizes only simple and convergent maximum likelihood loss…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-09 Xue Bin Peng , Aviral Kumar , Grace Zhang , Sergey Levine

To accumulate knowledge and improve its policy of behaviour, a reinforcement learning agent can learn `off-policy' about policies that differ from the policy used to generate its experience. This is important to learn counterfactuals, or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-03 Simon Schmitt , John Shawe-Taylor , Hado van Hasselt

We study reinforcement learning in infinite-horizon discounted Markov decision processes with continuous state spaces, where data are generated online from a single trajectory under a Markovian behavior policy. To avoid maintaining an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Shengbo Wang

Offline reinforcement learning, wherein one uses off-policy data logged by a fixed behavior policy to evaluate and learn new policies, is crucial in applications where experimentation is limited such as medicine. We study the estimation of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-09 Nathan Kallus , Masatoshi Uehara

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are two prominent post-training paradigms for refining the capabilities and aligning the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing approaches that integrate SFT and RL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Wenhao Zhang , Yuexiang Xie , Yuchang Sun , Yanxi Chen , Guoyin Wang , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

We propose a new reinforcement learning algorithm derived from a regularized linear-programming formulation of optimal control in MDPs. The method is closely related to the classic Relative Entropy Policy Search (REPS) algorithm of Peters…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-01 Joan Bas-Serrano , Sebastian Curi , Andreas Krause , Gergely Neu

We consider off-policy evaluation and optimization with continuous action spaces. We focus on observational data where the data collection policy is unknown and needs to be estimated. We take a semi-parametric approach where the value…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2019-07-23 Mert Demirer , Vasilis Syrgkanis , Greg Lewis , Victor Chernozhukov

Off-policy learning methods seek to derive an optimal policy directly from a fixed dataset of prior interactions. This objective presents significant challenges, primarily due to the inherent distributional shift and value function…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Arip Asadulaev , Maksim Bobrin , Salem Lahlou , Dmitry Dylov , Fakhri Karray , Martin Takac

The shortcomings of maximum likelihood estimation in the context of model-based reinforcement learning have been highlighted by an increasing number of papers. When the model class is misspecified or has a limited representational capacity,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-08 Evgenii Nikishin , Romina Abachi , Rishabh Agarwal , Pierre-Luc Bacon

Recent advancements in off-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) have significantly improved sample efficiency, primarily due to the incorporation of various forms of regularization that enable more gradient update steps than traditional…

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn an optimal policy from pre-collected data. However, it faces challenges of distributional shift, where the learned policy may encounter unseen scenarios not covered in the offline data.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Jin Zhu , Xin Zhou , Jiaang Yao , Gholamali Aminian , Omar Rivasplata , Simon Little , Lexin Li , Chengchun Shi

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that enables an intelligent agent to learn an optimal policy that maximizes the cumulative rewards in sequential decision making. Most of methods in the existing…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-01-06 Chengchun Shi , Zhengling Qi , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou

In this paper, we investigate the sample complexity of policy evaluation in infinite-horizon offline reinforcement learning (also known as the off-policy evaluation problem) with linear function approximation. We identify a hard regime…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-19 Lin Chen , Bruno Scherrer , Peter L. Bartlett

Interactive assessments generate sequential process data that are not well handled by conventional item response models. Existing MDP-based measurement approaches, such as the Markov decision process measurement model (MDP-MM, LaMar, 2018),…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-05-12 Wenqian Xu , Feng Ji

Importance sampling (IS) is a common reweighting strategy for off-policy prediction in reinforcement learning. While it is consistent and unbiased, it can result in high variance updates to the weights for the value function. In this work,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-15 Matthew Schlegel , Wesley Chung , Daniel Graves , Jian Qian , Martha White

This paper studies offline reinforcement learning with linear function approximation in a setting with decision-theoretic, but not estimation sparsity. The structural restrictions of the data-generating process presume that the transitions…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-01-24 Angela Zhou

Policy evaluation or value function or Q-function approximation is a key procedure in reinforcement learning (RL). It is a necessary component of policy iteration and can be used for variance reduction in policy gradient methods. Therefore…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-10-17 Xinyan Yan , Krzysztof Choromanski , Byron Boots , Vikas Sindhwani

We study offline reinforcement learning of style-conditioned policies using explicit style supervision via subtrajectory labeling functions. In this setting, aligning style with high task performance is particularly challenging due to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Mathieu Petitbois , Rémy Portelas , Sylvain Lamprier